PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Hyeon Mi Sim1, 2
, Youngshin Han3, Kyung A Lee1
, Youngshin Han3, Kyung A Lee1
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of eating behavior on nutritional status according to temperament type.
Methods
One thousand one hundred three preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do from April to June 2018 were surveyed about their eating behavior and nutritional status using DBT (Dietary Behavior Test) and NQ (Nutrition Quotient) which are proven tests. The dietary behaviors of the children were classified into four categories: approach avoidance, sensory sensitivity, hyperactivity, and irregularity. NQ scores were divided into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice.
Results
The mean of the children's age was 3.42 ± 1.4 (596 boys and 507 girls). The percentage distribution of the NQ grade was as follows: 5.5% (highest), 12.5% (high), 47.1% (medium), 22.2% (low), and 12.6% (lowest). The risk group of approach avoidance and sensory sensitivity had significantly (p < 0.001) lower scores than the normal group in balance factor (51.9 ± 12.0 vs. 57.8 ± 15.9 in approach avoidance type, 52.6 ± 17.6 vs. 57.7 ± 15.9 in sensory sensitivity type) and diversity factor (32.5 ± 24.4 vs. 50.1 ± 22.4 in approach avoidance type, and 32.5 ± 24.0 vs. 50.7 ± 22.2 in sensory sensitivity type). The scores of the hyperactivity risk group were significantly lower in moderation factor (78.2 ± 12.1 vs. 81.2 ± 11.9), and those of the irregular risk group were significantly lower in variety (35.9 ± 24.5 vs. 48.8 ± 23.2), regularity (57.6 ± 37.1 vs. 66.1 ± 17.6), and practice (57.1 ± 19.4 vs. 65.1 ± 22.5) factors than the normal group (p < 0.001). Especially, the risk group of approach avoidance and sensitivity type had significantly (p < 0.001) lower intakes of whole grain, fruit, bean and bean products, vegetables, and Kimchi.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
NQ Score according to the risk of eating behavior by type of eating behavior (Comparison of balance, diversity, Moderation, Regularity, and Practice score between normal and risk group). ***p < 0.001.
Table 4
Evaluation of NQ balance factors according to the eating behavior risk level of eating behavior
Table 5
Evaluation of NQ diversity factors according to the eating Behavior risk Level of eating behavior
Table 6
Evaluation of NQ moderation factors according to the eating behavior risk level of eating behavior
References
1. Briley ME, Jastrow S, Vickers J, Roberts-Gray C. Dietary intake at child-care centers and away: are parents and care providers working as partners or at cross-purposes? J Am Diet Assoc. 1999; 99(8):950–954.
2. Jung YH, Kim JH. Evaluation of nutrition quotient and related factors in preschool children. Korean J Community Nutr. 2016; 21(1):1–11.
3. Yeoh YJ, Kwon SY. Children's eating behaviors and teachers' feeding practices during mealtime at child-care centers. J Nutr Health. 2015; 48(1):71–80.
4. Hwang HS, Lee HY, Lee KH, Lee JH, Shin KS, Youn KM, et al. Child development and education. Seoul: Hakjisa;2008.
5. Kim SH, Kim OS, Choi HY, Park SS, Kwon SY. Children's nutrition. Seoul: Powerbook;2013.
6. Oh YJ, Chang YK. Children's unbalanced diet and parents' attitudes. Korean J Nutr. 2006; 39(2):184–191.
7. Lee JH, Kang EJ, Kim C. The difference of perception about nutritional problems and food intakes, nutrition knowledge score and realities of nutrition education between parents and preschool teachers. Korean J Community Nutr. 2011; 16(6):636–646.
8. Ministry of Health and Welfare and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2016: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHSNES VII-1). Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2017.
9. Lee JH. “I don't eat Kimchi” Children's abuse school teacher's penalty [Internet]. Seoul: KBS News;2015. cited 2019 Nov 27. Available from: http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=3102374.
10. Hwa KY. The food is left behind and the food is fed. Another child abuse [Internet]. Seoul: SBS News;2016. cited 2019 Nov 27. Available from: http://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1003851165&plink.
11. Seo JY, Choi BS, Lee IS. Effects of nutritional education featuring cooking activities on preschool children in the Daegu area: food habits and dietary attitudes. J East Asian Soc Diet Life. 2010; 20(5):794–801.
12. Cho HN, Park E. Development and evaluation of sensory education program for young children. Korean J Early Child Educ. 2014; 35(2):263–292.
13. Lee MS, Lee KH. Development and application of dietary education to improve the vegetable intake of preschoolers. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2014; 20(1):26–35.
14. Blissett J, Fogel A. Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on children's acceptance of new foods. Physiol Behav. 2013; 121:89–95.
15. Wright DE, Radcliffe JD. Parents' perceptions of influences on food behavior development of children attending day care facilities. J Nutr Educ. 1992; 24(4):198–201.
16. Morrison H, Power TG, Nicklas T, Hughes SO. Exploring the effects of maternal eating patterns on maternal feeding and child eating. Appetite. 2013; 63:77–83.
17. Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985; 29(1):71–83.
18. Chess S, Thomas A. Temperamental individuality from childhood to adolescence. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1977; 16(2):218–226.
19. Kim YJ, Chung SJ, Han YS, Lee Y, Lee SI, Byun KW, et al. The characteristics of infants' temperament, maternal feeding behavior and feeding practices in picky eaters. Korean J Community Nutr. 2005; 10(4):462–470.
20. Kim Y, Han YS, Chung SJ, Lee Y, Lee SI, Choi H, et al. Characteristics of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices in poor eating infants. Korean J Community Nutr. 2006; 11(4):449–458.
21. Hagekull B, Bohlin G, Rydell AM. Maternal sensitivity, infant temperament, and the development of early feeding problems. Infant Ment Health J. 1997; 18(1):92–106.
22. Moding KJ, Birch LL, Stifter CA. Infant temperament and feeding history predict infants' responses to novel foods. Appetite. 2014; 83:218–225.
23. Pliner P, Loewen ER. Temperament and food neophobia in children and their mothers. Appetite. 1997; 28(3):239–254.
24. Dunn W. The impact of sensory processing abilities on the daily lives of young children and their families: a conceptual model. Infants Young Child. 1997; 9(4):23–35.
25. Farrow CV, Coulthard H. Relationships between sensory sensitivity, anxiety and selective eating in children. Appetite. 2012; 58(3):842–846.
26. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Korean Pediatric Society. A chart of the growth of young children and adolescents growth 2017. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2017.
27. Han Y, Kim SA, Lee Y, Kim J. The development and validation of eating behavior test form for infants and young children. Korean J Community Nutr. 2015; 20(1):1–10.
28. Kang MH, Lee JS, Kim HY, Kwon S, Choi YS, Chung HR, et al. Selecting items of a food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. Korean J Nutr. 2012; 45(4):372–389.
29. Kim HY, Kwon S, Lee JS, Choi YS, Chung HR, Kwak TK, et al. Development of a Nutrition Quotient (NQ) equation modeling for children and the evaluation of its construct validity. Korean J Nutr. 2012; 45(4):390–399.
30. Jung HS, Min JK, Heo CO, Lee NH, One SI, Lee KY. Nutrition throughout the life cycle. 2nd edition. Seoul: Soohaksa;2016.
31. Kang KJ. A study on food habits, nutritional quality of preschool children in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr. 2005; 10(4):471–483.
32. Pliner P, Hobden K. Development of a scale to measure the trait of food neophobia in humans. Appetite. 1992; 19(2):105–120.
33. Chatoor I, Ganiban J, Hirsch R, Borman-Spurrell E, Mrazek DA. Maternal characteristics and toddler temperament in infantile anorexia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39(6):743–751.
34. Han YS, Park SH. A child who doesn't eat and a child eats well. Seoul: Chungaram Media;2017.
35. Kim JM, Song HJ, Ahn YJ. Relationships between obesity and dietary habits of preschool children and their parents in Dongducheon based on the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). Korean J Community Nutr. 2018; 23(3):216–225.
36. Kim EM. Evaluation of dietary behavior of infants and toddlers in Ganghwa County by using Nutrition Quotient (NQ). J East Asian Soc Diet Life. 2017; 27(1):17–28.
37. Kim JH, Jung YH. Evaluation of food behavior and nutritional status of preschool children in Nowon-gu of Seoul by using Nutrition Quotient (NQ). Korean J Community Nutr. 2014; 19(1):1–11.
38. Lim JY, Kim JH, Min SH, Lee MJ, Lee MJ. Evaluation of dietary behavior among elementary school students in Seoul area using nutrition quotient for children. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 2016; 32(1):84–95.
39. Lee SJ, Kim Y. Evaluation of the diet and nutritional states of elementary and middle school students in the Daegu area by using nutrition quotient for children. J Nutr Health. 2013; 46(5):440–446.
40. Kim JR, Lim HS. Relationships between children's nutrition quotient and the practice of the dietary guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers. J Nutr Health. 2015; 48(1):58–70.
41. Oh KM, Kim HS. Evaluation of dietary behavior of elementary school students in the Gyunggi using Nutrition Quotient. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2019; 19(3):494–499.
42. Yoo JS, Choi YS. Evaluation of items for the food behavior checklist and nutrition quotient score on children in rural areas of Gyeongbuk. J Nutr Health. 2013; 46(5):427–439.
43. Lee JS, Kang MH, Kwak TK, Chung HR, Kwon SY, Kim HY, et al. Development of nutrition quotient for Korean preschoolers (NQ-P): item selection and validation of factor structure. J Nutr Health. 2016; 49(5):378–394.
44. Kim NY, Kim SH, Lim JH. The dietary life of full-and half-day program children and their mothers of kindergarten in Daejeon. J East Asian Soc Diet Life. 2006; 16(1):37–45.
45. Kim EK, Song B, Ju SY. Dietary status of young children in Korea based on the data of 2013 ~ 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health. 2018; 51(4):330–339.
46. Kim SW, Jo YG, Kang JH, Lee SH, Lee JE, Park HA, et al. The relationship between parents' lifestyle and their child's overweight. Korean J Fam Med. 2008; 29(6):395–404.
XML Download