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Park, Lee, and Son: Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance
Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2019; 24(6): 485-496.

Published online: 31 December 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.485

Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance

Dasom Park1, Hyun Joo Lee2, Sook Mee Son3

1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, Internship.

2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea, graduate student.

3Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea, Professor.

Corresponding author: Sook Mee Son. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 43, Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea. Tel: (02) 2164-4318, Fax: (02) 2164-6583, sonsm@catholic.ac.kr

Received 15 November 2019       Revised 6 December 2019       Accepted 8 December 2019

Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 6-week low-calorie diet (LCD) program including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar on weight loss, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile in 40 overweight women according to dietary compliance.

Methods

Subjects were 62 healthy overweight women (BMI ≥ 23.0 or body fat percentage ≥ 28%), aged 20~59 yrs who were provided a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar (each 35 g, 154 kcal, protein energy %: 28.6%, carbohydrate energy %: 38.7%) as part of dinner for 6 weeks. Forty subjects who completed the whole diet program were categorized into high compliance (HC) group (days of eating protein bar ≥ 5 weeks) or low compliance (LC) group (days < 5 weeks).

Results

Energy intake significantly decreased from 1,867.5 kcal at baseline to 1,137.4 kcal at 6 weeks for the HC group and from 1,971.7 kcal to 1,362.2 kcal for the LC group, respectively. On the other hand, a significant increase in protein energy percentage was observed in each group (HC group: 3.5%, LC group: 2.2%). Both groups showed significant decreases in weight (HC group: 1.8 kg, LC group: 1.1 kg), BMI, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Reduction of body fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure were only observed in the HC group.

Conclusions

The inclusion of a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar as part of a low-calorie diet for a short period can be effective to achieve weight loss and concomitantly improve blood cholesterol level without serious physiological side effects. More evident results can be achieved by eating a diet with low calorie diet including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar for more than 5 weeks.

Keywords: high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar, weight loss, low calorie diet

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Nutritional profile of high protein-low carbohydratre protein bar*

kjcn-24-485-i001

* Ingredients: Isolated soybean protein, Brazil nut, Almond, Peanut, Lentils, Brown rice, Peanut butter, Fructo oligosaccharide, Honey, Grain syrup, Cranberry, Vanilla powder

† Nutrients of protein bar were analyzed by SGS Korea (Seoul, Korea)

Table 2

General characteristics according to the group

kjcn-24-485-i002

Values are Mean ± SD or N (%)

1) P-value determeined by t-test for continuous variable and Fisher's exact test for categorical variable.

HC: High compliance

LC: Low compliance

Table 3

Changes of nutrient intake of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

kjcn-24-485-i003

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 4

Changes of body composition and blood pressure of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

kjcn-24-485-i004

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 5

Changes of serum indicators of each group comparing baseline and 6 weeks

kjcn-24-485-i005

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 6

Changes in length of activity of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks

kjcn-24-485-i006

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 7

Proportion of the subjects who reported the physiological side effects and difficulties at 6 weeks of the diet program

kjcn-24-485-i007

Values are n (%)

a) p-value determeined by Fisher exact test

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

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ORCID iDs

Dasom Park
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-2418

Hyun Joo Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-6939

Sook Mee Son
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-2882

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