Sleep Quality and Its Association with the Dietary Behavior and Lifestyle of University Students in Cheongju

Sewhan Jin; Munkyong Pae

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.5.395

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Jin and Pae: Sleep Quality and Its Association with the Dietary Behavior and Lifestyle of University Students in Cheongju

Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2019; 24(5): 395-407.

Published online: 30 October 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.5.395

Sleep Quality and Its Association with the Dietary Behavior and Lifestyle of University Students in Cheongju

Sewhan Jin¹

, Munkyong Pae²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea, Student.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea, Professor.

Corresponding author: Munkyong Pae. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea. Tel: (043) 261-2745, Fax: (043) 267-2742, mpae@chungbuk.ac.kr

Received 27 August 2019 Revised 14 October 2019 Accepted 14 October 2019

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study examined the association of the sleep quality and patterns with the dietary behavior, including snack and beverage consumption, taste preferences, as well as lifestyle of university students.

Methods

The subjects were 406 university students in Cheongju, Korea, and the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into two groups according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): good-quality sleepers (PSQI score ≤ 5) and poor-quality sleepers (PSQI score > 5). The data were analyzed using a χ²-test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance using the SPSS 25.0 program.

Results

Fifty-two percent of university students were categorized as poor-quality sleepers by the PSQI. Students classified as poor-quality sleepers had delayed bedtimes, and a shorter duration in bed and total sleep hours than the good-quality sleepers did. Poor-quality sleepers were more prevalent among those who were female, having irregular mealtimes, or frequent late night meals. They also consumed fast food frequently, such as fried chicken and hamburgers, and noodles when adjusted for gender. In addition, drinks with caffeine over milk were dominant among poor-quality sleepers. Furthermore, the preferences for spicy and salty tastes and longer smartphone usage were more prevalent in those with poor-sleep quality.

Conclusions

These results showed that more than 50% of university students reported disturbed sleep and poor quality sleep was associated with less desirable snack consumption and taste preference, more smartphone usage, and others. Therefore, nutrition education program along with lifestyle changes promoting sufficient sleep are encouraged to provide for university students, particularly those who have poor sleep quality.

Keywords: PSQI score, sleep quality, university students, dietary habits, taste preference

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of subjects

1) N (%)

2) Body mass index

^**: p<0.01 by chi-square test

Table 2

PSQI sleep quality

1) Mean ± SD

2) Duration in bed (h)=Rise times - Bedtimes

3) N(%)

4) If sum is equal 0=0; 1~2=1; 3~4=2; 5~6=3

5) If sum is equal 0=0; 1~9=1; 10~18=2; 19~27=3

6) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was achieved by adding the seven component scores together.

^*: p<0.05, ^***: p<0.001 by independent t-test or chi-square test

Table 3

Dietary habits of subjects by PSQI sleep quality

1) N (%)

^*: p<0.05 by chi-square test

Table 4

The most favorite late night meals by PSQI sleep quality

1) Except for the subjects who answered never for eating late night meal

2) N (%)

Table 5

Frequency of snack consumptions by PSQI sleep quality

1) Mean ± SD

2) Weekly consumption frequency

^***: p<0.001 by independent t-test, ^#: p<0.05, ^†: p<0.001 by ANCOVA when adjusted for gender

Table 6

Frequency of drink consumptions by PSQI sleep quality

1) Mean ± SD

2) Weekly consumption frequency

3) Calculated by subtracting the frequency of milk consumption from those of coffee, tea, and energy drink.

^*: p<0.05 by independent t-test, ^#: p<0.05 by ANCOVA when adjusted for gender

Table 7

Taste preferences by PSQI sleep quality

1) Mean ± SD

2) 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly dislike) to 5 (strongly like)

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01 by independent t-test, ^#: p<0.05 by ANCOVA when adjusted for gender

Table 8

Health-related lifestyles of subjects by PSQI sleep quality

1) N (%)

^**: p<0.01 by chi-square test

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ORCID iDs

Sewhan Jin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-7697

Munkyong Pae
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-9958

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