Anti-oxidant and anti-adipocyte differentiation of Aster glehni and Aster yomena

Ji Yeon Lee; Jeong-Yong Park; Hyung Don Kim; Seung Eun Lee; Jeong Hoon Lee; Yunji Lee; Kyung Hye Seo

doi:10.4163/jnh.2019.52.3.250

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Lee, Park, Kim, Lee, Lee, Lee, and Seo: Anti-oxidant and anti-adipocyte differentiation of Aster glehni and Aster yomena

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2019; 52(3): 250-257.

Published online: 24 June 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.3.250

Anti-oxidant and anti-adipocyte differentiation of Aster glehni and Aster yomena

Ji Yeon Lee^1,²

, Jeong-Yong Park^1,²

, Hyung Don Kim¹

, Seung Eun Lee¹

, Jeong Hoon Lee¹

, Yunji Lee¹

, Kyung Hye Seo¹

¹Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumsung, Chungbuk 27709, Korea.

²Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82 438715785, seokh@korea.kr

Received 20 March 2019 Revised 2 April 2019 Accepted 8 May 2019

The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Aster glehnii (AG) and Aster yomena (AY) are medicinal plants that belong to the family Compositea and grow widely in Korea. Plants in the genus Aster have been used to treat snakebite wounds or bruises in oriental medicine. This study compared the effects of anti-oxidants and anti-adipocyte differentiation according to the species (the aerial parts of AG and AY).

Methods

AG and AY were extracted using 70% ethanol (−E) and water (−W) at room temperature. The anti-oxidant activities were measured by total phenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH and ABTS⁺ assay. In addition, correlation analysis was performed for the anti-oxidant compounds and effect. The level of anti-adipocyte differentiation was assessed using an oil red O assay on pre-adipocytes.

Results

AG-W showed higher TPC (6.92 µg/mL) and AG-E presented higher TFC (8.22 µg/mL) than the other extracts. Furthermore, AG-E exhibited higher radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and ABTS⁺ assay (IC₅₀: 104.88 and 30.06 µg/mL). In the cytotoxicity assay, AG and AY extracts at concentrations less than 100µg/mL were non toxic. AG-W reduced the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells significantly after differentiation (70.49%) compared to the other extracts.

Conclusion

These results show that the water extract of AG has anti-oxidant effects and reduces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, AG has utility as a functional food material for its anti-oxidant activities and ability to prevent lipid accumulation.

Keywords: anti-obesity, radical scavenging activity, Aster glehui, adipocyte

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Schematic presentation of adipocyte differentiation process. The media changed every two days until cell differentiation. The number of days was indicated based on the induction of differentiation. BCS, bovine calf serum; P/S/G, penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine; FBS, fetal bovine serum; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; samples, 100 µg/mL of AY (−E,−W) and AG (−E,−W) extracts

Fig. 2

Cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with AG and AY (−E, −W) at various concentrations (25 ~ 200 µg/mL) for 24 hr. Cell viability was measured by the MTS assay. Results are means ± SD of three independent experiments. Significance was determined using ANOVA; ^**p < 0.01 vs. control

Fig. 3

Microscopy of lipid droplets and quantification of lipid accumulation based on Oil Red O staining for measured as described in material and methods. (A) The effect of AG (−E, −W) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (B) The effect of AY (−E, −W) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. All extracts concentration was 100 µg/mL. CLA (conjugated linoleic acid, 50 µM) was used for positive control. All values are expressed as mean ± SD of data from 3 dependent experiments with 3 replicates. Significance was determined using ANOVA; ^###p < 0.001 vs. non-treated control, ^p < 0.05, ^p < 0.01, ^p < 0.001 vs. MDI treated control

Table 1

Total phenol and flavonoid compound contents and yields of AG and AY with different solvents

1) AG, Aster glehnii; AY, Aster yomena; −E, 70% ethanol extract; −W, water extract

2) Total phenolic contents

3) Gallic acid equivalent

4) Total flavonoid contents

5) Catechin equivalent

All values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3.

Table 2

Antioxidant activities (ABTS⁺ and DPPH) of AG and AY with different solvents

1) AG, Aster glehnii; AY, Aster yomena; −E, 70% ethanol extract; −W, water extract

2) Ascorbic acid was used for positive control. All values are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD), n = 3.

Table 3

Correlation between factors affecting of TPC, TFC and antioxidant effects

1) Factors: TPC, total phenol contents; TFC, total flavonoid contents.

Significance was determined using SPSS

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01

Notes

This study was performed with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (project no. PJ01361603), the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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