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Eun-Jung Park1
, You-Suk Lee1, Hyun Cheol Jeong2, Sung-Hyen Lee3, Hae-Jeung Lee1
, You-Suk Lee1, Hyun Cheol Jeong2, Sung-Hyen Lee3, Hae-Jeung Lee1
Abstract
Purpose
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is known to have effective antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The main bioactive components of PG are saponins, and these could contribute to anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of PG. In this study, we aim to assess the anti-inflammatory response to Red PG Extract (RPGE) in splenocytes under ex vivo conditions.
Methods
The cell viability of isolated splenocytes taken from mice was analyzed by performing a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The productions of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)) were measured utilizing Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively.
Results
We found that co-treatment with RPGE and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased isolated splenocyte proliferation as compared with that of the LPS-stimulated control. We also observed that RPGE markedly suppressed NO synthesis and IL-6 production that was induced by LPS. There were no significant differences of IL-10 production between co-treatment with RPGE plus LPS and treatment with LPS alone.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 2
RPGE reduces LPS-induced cell proliferation in splenocytes. The cells were treated with various concentrations of RPGE for 24 hours in the absence (A) or presence (B) LPS (1 µg/mL). Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; VC, vehicle control. The data represents the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005 (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test).
Fig. 3
RPGE inhibits LPS-induced NO synthesis in splenocytes. The cells were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) and the various concentrations of RPGE for 24 hours. The culture media was collected to measure NO synthesis using Griess reagent. LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; NO, Nitric oxide; VC, vehicle control. The data represents the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005 (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test).
Fig. 4
RPGE modulates LPS-induced cytokine levels in splenocytes. The cells were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) and the various concentrations of RPGE for 24 hours. The culture media was collected to assess cytokine levels for (A) IL-6 and (B) IL-10. LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; ND, not detected; VC, vehicle control. The data represents the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01, *** p <0.005 (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test).
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