Development of a Food Exchange Table and Food Pattern for Nutritionally Balanced Menu Planning

Yun Ahn; Ikhyun Yeo; Sangyun Lee; Kisun Nam

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.5.411

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Ahn, Yeo, Lee, and Nam: Development of a Food Exchange Table and Food Pattern for Nutritionally Balanced Menu Planning

Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2018; 23(5): 411-423.

Published online: 31 October 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.5.411

Development of a Food Exchange Table and Food Pattern for Nutritionally Balanced Menu Planning

Yun Ahn¹, Ikhyun Yeo², Sangyun Lee³, Kisun Nam⁴

¹Health & Nutrition Research Center, Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Senior Researcher.

²Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Director.

³Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Head.

⁴Health & Nutrition Research Center, Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Head.

Corresponding author: Kisun Nam. Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: (02)3277-8553, Fax: (02)6499-0129, ksnama@pulmuone.com

Received 2 August 2018 Revised 1 October 2018 Accepted 1 October 2018

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop new meal planning tools for a nutritionally balanced diet.

Methods

Based on the food exchange list for diabetes, we adjusted the food group classification system to reflect the suggested nutritional factors for chronic disease prevention and health promotion. We developed a nutritionally balanced dietary profile for adults and compared it with the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) and the food pattern recommended by the Korean Diabetes Association.

Results

The newly developed menu planning tools are the LOHAS food exchange table and the LOHAS food pattern. Our recommended daily 1,800 kcal dietary composition for adults is as follows: The carbohydrate food group consists of 4 ‘whole grains’, 3 ‘refined grains’, 2 ‘sugars’, 9 ‘vegetables’, 3 ‘starchy vegetables’, 2 ‘fruits’ and 1 ‘high sugar fruits’. The protein food group includes 3 ‘plant protein foods’, 3 ‘animal protein foods (low-fat)’, and 1 ‘animal protein foods (high-fat)’. The fat food group consists of 2 ‘oils and nuts’ and 1 ‘solid fats’. The total number of calories is estimated at 1,840 kcal and the energy ratio is 62% carbohydrate, 18% protein, 20% fat, 6.8% saturated fat and 13.2% sugars. Using the LOHAS food exchange table, it is possible to estimate values of saturated fat, unsaturated fat, dietary fiber, and sugars besides carbohydrate, protein and fat. It is also possible to compose a dietary design considering carbohydrate, sugars, saturated fat and dietary fiber. The LOHAS food pattern provides benefits for the management of both institutional food services and individual meals, as it can help reduce the levels of saturated fat and sugar intake and help develop healthy meals rich in unsaturated fats and dietary fiber.

Conclusions

The LOHAS food exchange table and LOHAS food pattern are expected to be practical tools for designing and evaluating nutritionally balanced diets.

Keywords: food exchange list, food group, menu plan

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Classification of food group

Table 1

LOHAS food exchange table: specific characteristics and foods of food group

1) GI: Glycemic Index

Table 2

LOHAS food exchange table: the amount of nutritions and foods in 1 exchange

Table 3

LOHAS food pattern(1,800kcal diet per day for adult)

Table 4

Assessment of 1,800 kcal (A pattern) recommended diet for Korean adult (KDRIs)

Table 5

Assessment of 1,800kcal recommended diet for diabetic patient (Korean Diabetes Association)

Table 6

Comparison of 1,800kcal LOHAS food pattern with KDRIs and Diabetes Association 1,800 kcal recommended diet : division by LOHAS food group

Acknowledgments

The meal planning tools were patented (No. 1728113) and is currently being applied to the Pulmuone F&C foodservice.

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ORCID iDs: Kisun Nam
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-6007
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