PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
In order to determine paternity by genetic testing, the Paternity Index (PI) and probability of paternity are calculated using likelihood ratio method. However, when it is necessary, additional testing can be performed to validate the genetic relationship. This research demonstrates autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) results of Jeju Island population in order to determine genetic relationship. Two notable cases showed that despite the acceptable PI value obtained from STR testing, average of 12 mismatches were found in total of 169 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism typing. Such cases imply that cautious statistical approach is necessary when determining genetic relationship, especially within an isolated population group. Moreover, this would suggest that a further research and investigation are needed in order to understand the population structure of Korea.
References
1. O'Connor KL, Butts E, Hill CR, et al. Evaluating the effect of additional forensic loci on likelihood ratio values for complex kinship analysis. Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Human Identification. 2010. Oct 10–14; San Antonio, TX.
2. Gross A, Tonjes A, Kovacs P, et al. Population-genetic comparison of the Sorbian isolate population in Germany with the German KORA population using genome-wide S-NP arrays. BMC Genet. 2011; 12:67.
3. Seo SB, Zhang A, Kim HY, et al. Technical note: efficiency of total demineralization and ion-exchange column for D-NA extraction from bone. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010; 141:158–62.
4. Kim YL, Hwang JY, Kim YJ, et al. Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci using AmpF/STR Identifiler kit in a Korean population. Forensic Sci Int. 2003; 136:92–5.
5. Cho S, Yu HJ, Han J, et al. Forensic application of SNP-based resequencing array for individual identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2014; 13:45–52.
6. Cho S, Yu HJ, Han J, et al. Genetic relationship in bone samples using SNP-based human identification DNA chip. Korean J Leg Med. 2013; 37:224–9.
7. Gjertson DW, Brenner CH, Baur MP, et al. ISFG: recommendations on biostatistics in paternity testing. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2007; 1:223–31.
8. Gonzalez-Andrade F, Sanchez D, Penacino G, et al. Two fathers for the same child: a deficient paternity case of false inclusion with autosomic STRs. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2009; 3:138–40.
9. von Wurmb-Schwark N, Malyusz V, Simeoni E, et al. Paternity analysis in deficiency cases with related putative fathers: simulation of a deficiency analysis in 27 families. Arch Kriminol. 2004; 214:173–83.
10. Yang IS, Lee HY, Park SJ, et al. Analysis of kinship index distributions in Koreans using simulated autosomal STR profiles. Korean J Leg Med. 2013; 37:57–65.
Table 1.
The Paternity Index and Probability of Two Cases in STR Typing
Table 2.
The Comparison of Potential Paternity Relation in Two Cases Using Commonly Typed Markers from Bone-Putative Daughter Pairs
| Case No. | Comparison trial* (bone-putative daughter) | Typed SNP | Compared marker� | Mismatch marker� | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone | Putative daughter | ||||
| 1 | 1st–1st | 121 | 149 | 86 | 13 |
| 1st–2nd | 121 | 151 | 85 | 13 | |
| 2nd–1st | 107 | 149 | 73 | 10 | |
| 2nd–2nd | 107 | 151 | 75 | 10 | |
| 2 | 1st–1st | 103 | 137 | 64 | 15 |
| 1st–2nd | 103 | 156 | 78 | 16 | |
| 2nd–1st | 110 | 137 | 69 | 11 | |
| 2nd–2nd | 110 | 156 | 80 | 12 | |
Table 3.
The Result of Unmatched SNP Markers Between Bone and Putative Daughter Sample in Two Cases
XML Download