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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine differences in eating-out, dietary life styles, and healthy dietary competencies among middle-aged consumers according to obesity status and gender for implications of consumer education.
Methods
Data were drawn from the 2016 Food Consumption Behavior Survey, and 3,022 subjects (mail 1,388; female 1,634) who were middle-aged adults were investigated. Analysis of variance with Scheffé test, t-test, χ2-test, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS v.24.
Results
Males showed less interest in diet than females. For both males and females, higher BMI degrees were associated with higher levels of interest in diet. For frequency, monthly average consumption expenditure, one-time cost for eating out, and drinking frequency, males showed higher levels than females. Especially for the male group, higher obesity status was associated with higher levels of eating out and drinking. Dietary lifestyles of males and females turned out to be very similar. For the male group, normal weight group was more likely to show ‘health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style’ than the other groups. For females, the normal weight group were more likely to show ‘health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style’ and ‘safety pursuit dietary life-style’ than the other groups. The level of ‘healthy dietary competence’ for females was found to be higher than that for males. For the female group, there were significant differences according to obesity status, and practice was more important than knowledge in determining a healthy dietary life.
Conclusion
For dietary life-related education for obese middle-aged consumers, it is important to emphasize less eating-out and drinking and less overeating while eating-out based on the results that eating-out, drinking, and overeating in the obesity group were significantly higher than in the normal group. It is important to focus on the value of dietary life and diverse foods, based on the results that the obesity group was less likely to be have healthy dietary lifestyles and consume less diverse foods than the normal group.
Figures and Tables
Table 2
Interest and experience of weight control of middle-aged consumers
1) Mean score of Likert scale (1: not at all, 2: little, 3: moderately, 4: very, 5: extremely) 2) N (%)
***p < 0.001 Significantly different by t-tst, χ2 test or ANOVA adjusted with age and education in case of female.
a, b, c: Different letters within the same row are significantly different at 0.05 by Scheffé test.
Table 3
Frequencies of eating-out/alcohol drinking per week and cost of eating-out of middle-aged consumers
1) Average cost = sum of cost for eating out of only the respondents who were answering/number of only who were answering.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 Significantly different by ANOVA adjusted with age and education in case of female.
a, b, c: Different letters within the same row are significantly different at 0.05 by Scheffé test.
Table 5
Factor analysis results of dietary life style of females_rotated component matrix (N = 1,631)
Table 6
Dietary life styles of middle-aged consumers
1) Mean score of Likert scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: so-so, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree)
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 Significantly different by ANOVA adjusted with age and education in case of female.
a, b, c: Different letters within the same row are significantly different at 0.05 by Scheffé test.
Table 7
Healthy dietary life competence of middle-aged consumers
1) Mean score of Likert scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: so-so, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree)
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 Significantly different by ANOVA adjusted with age and education in case of female.
a, b, c: Different letters within the same row are significantly different at 0.05 by Scheffé test.
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