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Kim and Ju: Food consumption behaviors of women by marital status: focus on the 2015 consumers survey data on food consumption behaviors∗
Research Article

J Nutr Health 2018;51(2):168-176.

Published online: 20 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.2.168

Food consumption behaviors of women by marital status: focus on the 2015 consumers survey data on food consumption behaviors∗

Eun-kyung Kim1, Se-Young Ju†

1Research Institute of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea

2Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea

† To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-43-840-3582, E-mail: syoungju86@kku.ac.kr

∗ This work was supported by grants from Amorepacific Foundation.

Received 19 January 2018       Revised 2 February 2018       Accepted 7 February 2018

Copyright © 2018 The Korean Nutrition Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to analyze food consumption behavior of women by marital status based on the 2015 consumer survey data on Food Consumption Behaviors of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Methods: We analyzed data describing 3,312 women aged 19∼75 who were the main buyers of foods in their household. The food purchase patterns, dining-out behavior, and use of food-delivery and take-out were investigated. Results: Overall, 40.5% of unmarried women shopped for food once per week and 37.4% spent 200,000∼400,000 won per month. Additionally, 43.1% of married women shopped 2∼3 times per week and 26.6% spent 400,000∼600,000 won (p<0.0001). Dining-out frequency and one-time cost per person of dining-out for unmarried women were higher than those for married women. With delivery/take-out food frequency, 2 time per week was the highest rate among married women (34.6%) and once per week was the highest among unmarried women (31.2%) respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate food consumption behaviors and trends of Korean women by marital status. This study provides basic data that will be useful for food industries establishing marketing strategies to better meet consumer demands.

Keywords: Korean women, food consumption behavior, database, marital status, dining-out

References

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Table 1.
General characteristics of the subjects1)
  Variables Single (n = 913) Married (n = 2,399) p-value
Age   50.6 ± 0.8 51.2 ± 0.4 0.5208
Education level Not attending school 48 (5.3) 103 (4.2) 0.3422
≤ Middle school graduate 228 (27.0) 635 (26.5)  
High school graduate 235 (40.9) 869 (38.0)  
College and university graduate 122 (24.9) 617 (29.9)  
Graduate school graduate 5 (1.9) 24 (1.3)  
Occupation Administrator / professional 73 (16.2) 252 (12.4) < 0.0001
Sale / service 132 (21.7) 387 (15.8)  
Technician 132 (16.4) 385 (15.1)  
Housewife 209 (32.0) 1,218 (56.6)  
Other 92 (13.7) 6 (0.2)  
House type Apartment 247 (39.1) 1,071 (50.3) < 0.0001
Multi-household house 121 (24.9) 332 (17.2)  
Single-family house 257 (33.6) 823 (31.6)  
Others 13 (2.5) 22 (31.6)  
Monthly household income (thousand won) < 1,000 206 (25.8) 201 (9.1) < 0.0001
1,000 ∼ 2,000 119 (16.8) 328 (13.6)  
2,000 ∼ 3,000 98 (17.6) 363 (17.4)  
3,000 ∼ 4,000 83 (15.8) 419 (18.6)  
4,000 ∼ 5,000 55 (10.1) 339 (14.0)  
5,000 ∼ 6,000 33 (6.5) 265 (12.0)  
≥ 6,000 44 (7.4) 333 (5.4)  

1) Values are mean ± SE or frequency (%).

Table 2.
Food consumption behaviors by marital status1)
  Variables Single Married p-value
Frequency of grocery purchase Everyday 20 (2.8) 93 (4.2) < .0001
2 ∼ 3/wk 181 (31.0) 971 (43.1)
1/wk 246 (40.5) 850 (39.7)
1/2wks 117 (16.8) 233 (9.2)
1/mo 63 (7.5) 87 (3.1)
Rarely 11 (1.4) 14 (0.6)
Monthly groceries costs (won) < 200,000 141 (15.4) 121 (5.0) < .0001
200,000 ∼ 400,000 252 (37.4) 577 (25.1)
400,000 ∼ 600,000 144 (27.8) 612 (26.6)
600,000 ∼ 800,000 59 (10.4) 411 (18.3)
800,000 ∼ 1,000,000 26 (5.3) 275 (12.5)
≥ 1,000,000 16 (3.6) 252 (12.5)
Place of grocery purchase Supermarket 162 (27.9) 590 (26.4) 0.5937
Super supermarket 49 (8.4) 196 (8.4)
Large-scale discount store 170 (28.5) 701 (32.6)
Traditional market 243 (32.5) 719 (30.5)
Others 14 (2.7) 42 (2.1)
Selection criteria of grocery Quality 75 (11.3) 348 (15.8) 0.0098
Low price 180 (26.5) 547 (24.1)
Distance & transportation 283 (45.6) 900 (38.9)
Delivery 10 (1.4) 40 (2.3)
Purchasability of other products except for 54 (9.0) 277 (13.0)
foods    
Various products 33 (5.9) 125 (5.4)
Service 1 (0.2) 2 (0.1)
Others 2 (0.1) 2 (0.5)
Frequency of organic food purchase ≥ 2/wk 10 (1.5) 68 (3.3) 0.0480
1/wk 26 (5.9) 127 (6.5)
2/mo 25 (5.1) 124 (6.0)
1/mo 32 (5.1) 182 (8.9)
< 1/mo 67 (14.2) 292 (13.7)
Do not purchase 478 (68.2) 1,455 (61.6)
Dietary supplement use Yes 267 (44.9) 1,197 (54.2) 0.0005 0.5592
No 371 (55.1) 1,051 (45.8)
Frequency of grocery purchase from online shopping mall ≥ 1/wk 12 (3.3) 50 (2.7)
≥ 1/mo 34 (7.9) 180 (9.1)
< 1/mo 31 (6.4) 160 (8.4)
Do not purchase 561 (82.4) 1,858 (79.8)
Online store type Online open market 43 (53.4) 239 (55.7) 0.4401
Online shop of large-scale discount store 20 (27.0) 110 (34.7)
Online shop of specialty of organic foods 6 (7.6) 14 (3.8)
Online shop of local specialty 3 (4.6) 12 (3.5)
Group purchase in the online cafe 3 (5.5) 9 (1.8)
Others 2 (1.9) 6 (1.1)
Reasons of purchase in an online shopping mall Quality Low price 9 (10.2) 30 (37.8) 33 (8.9) 163 (38.9) 0.8460
Purchasability in small quantity and frequently 6 (7.1) 14 (3.3)
Delivery 12 (15.0) 76 (21.6)
Purchasability of other products except for 2 (1.8) 11 (3.0)
foods    
Various products 6 (9.1) 33 (8.1)
To save time 10 (15.8) 49 (13.6)
Others 2 (3.2) 11 (2.6)

1) Values are frequency (%).

Table 3.
Eating-out behaviors by marital status1)
  Variables Single Married p-value
Frequency of family eating-out ≥ 2/week 62 (19.1) 90 (5.6) < 0.0001
1/week 82 (25.1) 366 (23.2)  
2/month 92 (22.0) 528 (28.0)  
1/month 97 (22.2) 576 (29.5)  
< 1/month 50 (11.6) 289 (13.7)  
The number of people of family eating-out 1.1± 0.0 3.0± 0.0 < .0001
Cost of family eating-out per meal (won) 27,702.0± 1,154.4 44,609.0± 1,040.6 < .0001
Monthly mean cost of family eating-out (won) 101,593.0± 6,901.0 111,851.0± 2,936.3 0.1508
  < 50,000 156 (32.7) 395 (20.4) 0.0002
  50,000 ∼ 100,000 87 (22.4) 508 (25.7)  
  100,000 ∼ 150,000 69 (23.2) 441 (24.5)  
  150,000 ∼ 200,000 16 (4.4) 146 (7.9)  
  200,000 ∼ 250,000 55 (17.3) 359 (21.6)  
Main selecting restaurants Korean food restaurant 296 (78.2) 625 (33.0) < 0.0001
BBQ restaurant 45 (9.8) 995 (52.7)  
Fast foods 5 (1.6) 26 (1.7)  
Snack and Gimbap shop 20 (5.3) 40 (2.4)  
Chinese restaurant 10 (3.5) 52 (3.1)  
Western restaurant 2 (0.5) 37 (2.3)  
Others 5 (1.1) 74 (4.8)  
Selection criteria of restaurant Cleanness & ambience 60 (17.8) 293 (16.5) 0.8151
Price 30 (7.8) 145 (8.1)  
Service 14 (3.4) 50 (2.4)  
Health 18 (5.2) 71 (4.0)  
Taste and quantity 239 (60.1) 1,175 (62.6)  
Others 22 (5.7) 115 (6.3)  

1) Values are mean ± SE or frequency (%).

Table 4.
Uses of food-delivery and take-out by marital statu s
  Variables Single Married p-value
Frequency of food-delivery & take-out ≥ 2/week 18 (7.1) 59 (5.0) 0.0224
1/week 42 (21.8) 238 (19.8)  
  2/month 72 (24.5) 512 (34.6)
  1/month 85 (31.2) 481 (31.2)
  < 1/month 41 (15.3) 137 (9.3)
Cost of food-delivery & take-out per meal (won) 18,883.0± 1,210.0 22,730.0± 457.4 0.0021
The number of people of food-delivery & take-out 1.1± 0.0 3.1± 0.0 < .0001
Monthly mean cost of food-delivery & take-out 45,093.0± 3,293.5 58,111.0± 2,429.3 0.0019
Preference menus of food-delivery & take-out < 50,000 182 (68.0) 762 (50.3) 0.0003
50,000 ∼ 100,000 41 (14.7) 429 (30.3) 0.0770
100,000 ∼ 150,000 24 (12.4) 174 (14.1)
≥ 150,000 11 (4.9) 61 (5.3)
Bossam (boiled pork) 33 (9.7) 129 (9.2)
Chicken 144 (54.3) 942 (61.9)
Pizza 16 (7.6) 91 (7.9)
Sashimi & sushi 3 (1.5) 2 (0.1)
Chinses food 47 (20.4) 199 (15.3)
Hansik (Korean dishes) 9 (4.2) 34 (3.3)
Noodles (snack) 3 (0.8) 16 (1.0)
Others 3 (1.6) 14 (1.3)
Selection standard of food-delivery & take-out Price 23 (10.2) 173 (13.6) 0.1024
Speed 45 (17.6) 178 (10.7)
Reliability 10 (5.9) 103 (8.7)
Taste & quantity 164 (61.3) 895 (61.6)
Others 16 (5.0) 78 (5.4)

1) Values are mean ± SE or frequency (%).

Table 5.
Processed or prepared foods purchase behaviors by marital status1)
  Variables Single Married p-value
The most important factor on processed foods purchase Price 61 (10.4) 226 (10.5) 0.1564
Taste 129 (20.0) 475 (19.2)
Safety 78 (14.1) 311 (14.7)
Quality 98 (15.2) 353 (14.9)
Nutrition or health 9 (1.4) 53 (2.7)
Freshness 95 (15.1) 421 (19.4)
Convenience 40 (8.3) 124 (5.9)
Do not purchase 128 (15.5) 282 (12.6)
Frequency of processed foods purchase Bread       < 0.0001
Everyday 5 (1.3) 31 (1.6)
2 ∼ 3/week 38 (8.2) 205 (10.9)
1/week 89 (18.9) 549 (26.2)
2/month 142 (21.9) 610 (25.6)
1/month 144 (22.5) 398 (16.3)
< 1/month 137 (17.4) 339 (14.0)
Do not purchase 83 (9.9) 116 (5.2)
Rice cakes Everyday 3 (0.3) 19 (1.0) 0.0007
2 ∼ 3/week 18 (3.9) 46 (2.9)
1/week 29 (6.3) 118 (6.8)
2/month 62 (11.9) 290 (14.5)
1/month 159 (24.0) 565 (24.7)
< 1/month 263 (38.2) 1,011 (41.7)
Do not purchase 104 (15.4) 199 (8.4)
Cake & confectionery Everyday 5 (0.7) 35 (1.9) < 0.0001
2 ∼ 3/week 38 (8.0) 251 (11.9)
1/week 71 (15.5) 526 (25.0)
2/month 90 (16.1) 438 (19.2)
1/month 125 (18.4) 338 (13.7)
< 1/month 178 (24.0) 406 (16.8)
Do not purchase 131 (17.2) 254 (11.5)
Instant noodles & noodles Everyday 2 (0.5) 14 (0.6) 0.0150
2 ∼ 3/week 28 (6.1) 130 (6.7)
1/week 82 (17.2) 409 (20.4)
2/month 157 (26.5) 717 (30.5)
1/month 176 (24.2) 565 (23.9)
< 1/month 161 (21.0) 375 (16.0)
Do not purchase 32 (4.4) 38 (2.0)
Urimil (Korean wheat) foods Everyday 4 (0.6) 10 (0.5) 0.3082
2 ∼ 3/week 6 (2.0) 50 (2.9)
1/week 26 (6.1) 143 (8.2)
2/month 52 (11.6) 283 (12.9)
1/month 67 (12.0) 296 (14.1)
< 1/month 200 (31.1) 713 (31.6)
Do not purchase 283 (36.4) 753 (29.9)
Frequency of prepared foods purchase ≥ 2/week 12 (2.8) 51 (3.1) 0.0340
2 ∼ 4/month 83 (18.4) 477 (23.4)
1/month 81 (13.8) 339 (15.8)
Rarely 148 (23.3) 565 (24.2)
Do not purchase 314 (41.8) 816 (33.5)
Reason for prepared foods purchase Be not good at cooking 13 (5.8) 50 (3.0) 0.1379
Time saving 38 (13.3) 227 (16.2)
Delicious 47 (13.9) 257 (17.2)
Convenient 195 (59.3) 808 (57.3)
Economic 25 (5.6) 74 (5.2)
Others 6 (2.1) 16 (1.1)

1) Values are frequency (%).

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