Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area

So Hyun Park; Seon Hwa Lee; Kyung Ja Chang

doi:10.4163/jnh.2017.50.5.460

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Park, Lee, and Chang: Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2017; 50(5): 460-471.

Published online: 31 October 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.5.460

Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area

So Hyun Park¹, Seon Hwa Lee², Kyung Ja Chang^1,²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.

²Majors in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-32-860-8126, kjchang@inha.ac.kr

Received 9 June 2017 Revised 19 June 2017 Accepted 11 August 2017

The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate intake-related factors of energy drinks and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students.

Methods

Subjects were 340 female high school students in Incheon, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program.

Results

Subjects who had drunk energy drinks were 74.3% (249 subjects) of all subjects. The first time they drank an energy drink was significantly associated with grade (p < 0.05). In 75.1% of 249 subjects who had drunk energy drinks, the places for buying energy drinks were supermarkets and convenience stores near their homes. For the effects of energy drink intake, sleeplessness (44.6%) and no effect (41.7%) were cited, and 24.5% experienced side effects such as palpitation, tremors, etc. The scores for self-diagnosis of caffeine addiction were significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the overweight group (p < 0.05). The degree of caffeine addiction was significantly associated with effects of energy drink intake (p < 0.001) and type of side effects (p < 0.001). Willingness to stop consuming energy drinks (p < 0.001) and necessity of nutrition education about energy drinks (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the caffeine addiction group compared to the general group. About 75.0% of subjects wanted to be educated about the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine.

Conclusion

This study shows that female high school students need proper education about the effects of intake of energy drinks. Therefore, guidelines and a nutrition education program right intake of energy drinks should be provided as well as campaigns concerning the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine in female high school students.

Keywords: energy drink, female high school student, intake-related factors, caffeine addiction, educational needs

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

The needs for nutrition education contents on right intake of energy drinks

Table 1

General characteristics, anthropometric data and lifestyle of the subjects

1) Obesity assessment by BMI percentiles 2) n (%) 3) Mean ± SD

Table 2

Recognition and intake experience on energy drinks according to grade and BMI

1) n (%), NS: Not significant by chi-square test

Table 3

Intake behaviors and side effects of energy drinks according to grade and BMI

1) n (%), ^*p < 0.05 by chi-square test, NS: Not significant by chi-square test

Table 4

Self-diagnosis on caffeine addiction according to grade and BMI

1) n (%), ^*p < 0.05, NS: Not significant by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test 2) Mean ± SD, ^*p < 0.05, ab: Different superscript letters significant difference among groups by one-way ANOVA with Scheff's post hoc test.

Table 5

General characteristics, anthropometric data and lifestyle of the subjects who had drunk energy drinks according to scores of caffeine addiction

1) n (%), NS: Not significant by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test

Table 6

Intake behaviors and side-effects of energy drinks of the subjects who had drunk energy drinks according to risk level of caffeine addiction

1) n (%), NS: Not significant, ^***p < 0.001 by Fisher's exact test

Table 7

Nutrition education on energy drinks intake of the subjects who had drunk energy drinks according to grade, BMI, and degree of caffeine addiction

1) n (%), ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test 2) Mean ± S.D, ^*p < 0.05, ab: different superscript letters significant difference among groups of grade and BMI by one-way ANOVA with Scheff's post hoc test 3) ^*p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.001, ab: different superscript letters significant difference among groups of degree of caffeine addiction by Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test

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