Relationships between job stress and caffeine intake in industrial workers

Ji-Suk Yim; Jae-Joon Lee

doi:10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.367

Journal List > J Nutr Health > v.49(5) > 1081461

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Yim and Lee: Relationships between job stress and caffeine intake in industrial workers

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2016; 49(5): 367-377.

Published online: 31 October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.367

Relationships between job stress and caffeine intake in industrial workers

Ji-Suk Yim¹, Jae-Joon Lee²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-62-230-7725, leejj80@chosun.ac.kr

Received 9 August 2016 Revised 29 August 2016 Accepted 6 September 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study analyzed the degree of job stress and caffeine intake in workers in industrial positions in order to determine the relationships between job stress and caffeine intake.

Methods

For this purpose, this study conducted a survey targeting 361 blue collar workers working for K manufacturing company, Gwangju.

Results

The total score for job stress in subjects was 72.7 ± 6.8 points/100 points. According to job stress, subjects were categorized as follows: Q1 for the group who had the least stress; Q2 for the group who had little stress; Q3 for the group who had a lot of stress, and Q4 for the group who had the most stress. As for the effects of caffeine on health, 57.1% thought that caffeine is helpful and not harmful if taken properly while 17.3% responded that less caffeine consumption is better. Daily intake of caffeine according to stress was presented as: 172.0 ± 85.3 mg in Q1, 179.0 ± 83.7 mg in Q2, 187.9 ± 81.4 mg in Q3, and 214.2 ± 147.3 mg in Q4 (p < 0.05). The percentages of caffeine consumption compared to the daily safe limit in subjects were: 43.0 ± 21.3, 44.8 ± 20.9, 47.1 ± 20.4, and 53.6 ± 36.8% in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively (p < 0.05). Adverse effects such as nausea or vomiting from caffeine were most common in Q4 (p < 0.05)

Conclusion

As a result, higher stress in blue collar workers working for K manufacturing company was associated with more caffeine consumption. Groups with a lot of stress (Q4) consumed approximately 50% of daily safe limit of caffeine. Considering the results above, this study suggests that further research on more precise caffeine intake and its effects is needed.

Keywords: caffeine intake, degree of job stress, male blue collar workers

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristic of subjects n (%)

1) Mean ± SD

Table 2

Job stress degree

1) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Anthropometry investigation according to the job stress levels n (%)

1) Job stress levels: sum for job stress's Q1 ≤ 25%, Q2: 26 ~ 50%, Q3: 51 ~ 75%, Q4 ≥ 76% 2) BMI (body mass index) = weight (kg) / height (m)² 3) Mean ± SD 4) Obesity: BMI < 18.5, normal: 18.5 ≦ BMI < 23.0, overweight: 23 ≦ BMI < 25.0, obesity: 25.0 < BMI

Table 4

Healthy behaviors according to the job stress levels n (%)

1) Job stress levels: sum for job stress's Q1 ≤ 25%, Q2: 26 ~ 50%, Q3: 51 ~ 75%, Q4 ≥ 76%

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01

Table 5

Caffeine awareness according to the job stress levels n (%)

1) Job stress levels: sum for job stress's Q1 ≤ 25%, Q2: 26 ~ 50%, Q3: 51 ~ 75%, Q4 ≥ 76%

^*p < 0.05

Table 6

Caffeine intake according to the job stress levels

1) Job stress levels: sum for job stress's Q1 ≤ 25%, Q2: 26 ~ 50%, Q3: 51 ~ 75%, Q4 ≥ 76% 2) Mean ± SD 3) Different letters denote significant difference at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test within the row. 4) Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2013)18

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001

Table 7

Adverse effects from caffeine intake according to the job stress levels

1) Job stress levels: sum for job stress's Q1 ≤ 25%, Q2: 26 ~ 50%, Q3: 51 ~ 75%, Q4 ≥ 76% 2) Mean ± SD 3) Score: 1 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 5 = mostly

^*p < 0.05

Table 8

Pearson's correlation coefficients between caffeine intake and general characteristics of subjects

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01

References

1. Hernandez-Avila M, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Caffeine, moderate alcohol intake, and risk of fractures of the hip and forearm in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 54(1):157–163.

2. Choi MK, Lee YS, Sung CJ. Effects of caffeine intake on calcium utilization in rats of different age and sex. Korean J Nutr. 1997; 30(8):911–919.

3. Park MH, Choi YS, Lee MA, Choi BS, Jung HJ. A study on the food behaviors and nutritional status of industrial workers. Korean J Community Nutr. 1999; 4(2):194–206.

4. Lee EN, Kim HJ, Im JY, Kim JA, Park HY, Ryu JY, Ko KR, Kim HS. Survey of caffeine levels in the favorite diets of children. J Food Hyg Saf. 2007; 22(3):173–178.

5. Barry RJ, Rushby JA, Wallace MJ, Clarke AR, Johnstone SJ, Zlojutro I. Caffeine effects on resting-state arousal. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005; 116(11):2693–2700.

6. Thong FS, Graham TE. Caffeine-induced impairment of glucose tolerance is abolished by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002; 92(6):2347–2352.

7. Korea Customs Service. Coffee import market trends [Internet]. Daejeon: Korea Customs Service;2014. cited 2015 Oct 29. Available from: http://www.customs.go.kr/kcshome/cop/bbs/select-Board.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_1018&nttId=2783&layoutMenuNo=294&siteId=main&searchCtgry=&searchCnd=title&search-Wrd=%ec%bb%a4%ed%94%bc&currentPageNo=1&record-CountPerPage=10.

8. Chang YE, Chung HK. Survey of caffeine intake from children's favorite foods. Korean J Nutr. 2010; 43(5):475–488.

9. The Korean Society of Food and Nutrition. Dictionary of food and nutrition. Seoul: Korea Dictionary Research Publishing;1998.

10. Fredholm BB. On the mechanism of action of theophylline and caffeine. Acta Med Scand. 1985; 217(2):149–153.

11. Brouard C, Moriette G, Murat I, Flouvat B, Pajot N, Walti H, de Gamarra E, Relier JP. Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. Am J Dis Child. 1985; 139(7):698–700.

12. Benzie IF. Evolution of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Eur J Nutr. 2000; 39(2):53–61.

13. Natella F, Nardini M, Giannetti I, Dattilo C, Scaccini C. Coffee drinking influences plasma antioxidant capacity in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50(21):6211–6216.

14. Alves RC, Casal S, Oliveira MB. Tocopherols in coffee brews: influence of coffee species, roast degree and brewing procedure. J Food Compost Anal. 2010; 23(8):802–808.

15. Moreira DP, Monteiro MC, Ribeiro-Alves M, Donangelo CM, Trugo LC. Contribution of chlorogenic acids to the iron-reducing activity of coffee beverages. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53(5):1399–1402.

16. Vignoli JA, Bassoli D, Benassi MT. Antioxidant activity, polyphenols, caffeine and melanoidins in soluble coffee: the influence of processing conditions and raw material. Food Chem. 2011; 124(3):863–868.

17. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KR). Domestic distribution is being 'Energy Drinks' caffeine content survey [Internet]. Cheongwon: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety;2012. cited 2016 Aug 2. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do?mid=675&seq=18764&cmd=v.

18. Jang CB, Kim HY. The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dietary habit and caffeine intake in upper-grade elementary school children. Korean J Nutr. 2012; 45(6):522–530.

19. Kim EJ, Cheong HS. Study on perceptions and intake of caffeinecontaining favorite foods by rural and urban middle school students in Kyungnam. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 2014; 30(5):650–662.

20. Cho YH, Cho MK. The impact of alcohol and caffeine intake on body mass index, alcohol use disorder, and quality of sleep among university freshmen. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci. 2015; 17(4):363–371.

21. Jung ES, Park HJ. Effects on stress degree, study attitude, sleeping hours by intake degree of caffeinated drinks. J Digit Converg. 2014; 12(2):353–361.

22. Korean Endocrine Society. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Management of obesity, 2010 recommendation. Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 25(4):301–304.

23. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2012: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2013.

24. Lee SH. The relationships between job stress, self-efficacy and job burnout of mental health nurses working in mental health centers [dissertation]. Busan: Kyungsung University;2013.

25. Hong GP. An analytic study on burnout in relation with personal and job related characteristics and social support [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei University;1985.

26. An YJ. A survey on the actual condition for adults' knowledge, attitude, and intake of caffeinated beverages [dissertation]. Daegu: Keimyung University;2011.

27. Choi YS. Conditions and recognition of the caffeine intake of adult men and women in Daejon [dissertation]. Daejeon: Chungnam National University;2009.

28. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KR). Learn more about caffeine [Internet]. Cheongwon: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety;2011. cited 2016 Aug 2. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do?mid=675&seq=16543&cmd=v.

29. Kang SJ. The association between mental stress and coffee intake [dissertation]. Seoul: Seoul National University;2014.

30. Kwon KI, Yoon JO. Amount of caffeine in caffeine containing products, and the pattern of caffeine consumption. Korean J Clin Pharm. 1993; 3(1):21–30.

31. Lee JC, Park JS, Kim GH. The effects of stress, quality of life and family relationship of smokers and drinkers on tobacco and alcohol use: focusing on the mediating effects of self-rated health. Korean Public Health Res. 2011; 37(1):29–43.

32. Rod NH, Grønbaek M, Schnohr P, Prescott E, Kristensen TS. Perceived stress as a risk factor for changes in health behaviour and cardiac risk profile: a longitudinal study. J Intern Med. 2009; 266(5):467–475.

33. Kim HS. Occupational stress of medical administrative employees in regional hospitals. Korean J Stress Res. 2013; 21(3):229–238.

34. Kim KH. The ingestion trend for coffee beverages of Korean women in the twenties [dissertation]. Seoul: Chung-Ang University;2003.

35. Kim IS, Cho SM. The stress alleviation effect of tea-culture therapy for probation officers: targeted on the probation officers in U City. J Korean Tea Soc. 2013; 19(1):1–9.

TOOLS

Similar articles