You-kyung Shin; Ji-Won Choi; Se-Young Oh; Jayong Chung

doi:10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.468

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Shin, Choi, Oh, and Chung: Oxidative damage biomarker levels according to Mn-SOD and GST gene polymorphisms in preschool children∗

Research Article

J Nutr Health 2015;48(6):468-475.

Published online: 19 January 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.468

Oxidative damage biomarker levels according to Mn-SOD and GST gene polymorphisms in preschool children^∗

You-kyung Shin^1,², Ji-Won Choi¹, Se-Young Oh¹, Jayong Chung^1,^†

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea

²R&D center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Kyunggi 15407, Korea

^†To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-2-961-0977, e-mail: jchung@khu.ac.kr

^∗ This work was supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF2013

Received 9 September 2015 Revised 25 September 2015 Accepted 16 October 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and detoxification genes may modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.

Methods:

A total of 301 healthy preschool-aged children in the Seoul and Kyunggi areas were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood for genotyping of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) Val16Ala, glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, and GSTM1 present/null polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to a questionnaire survey, the levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ELISA.

Results:

Significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were observed in GSTP1 Ile/Val + Val/Val genotype (p = 0.030), and tended to be higher in Mn-SOD Val/Val genotype (p = 0.065). On the other hand, exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and interaction between ETS and gene polymorphisms did not significantly influence either urinary 8-OHdG concentrations or serum MDA.

Conclusion:

Based on our findings, GSTP1 Ile/Val gene polymorphisms might modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy preschool children.

Keywords: Genetic polymorphism, Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, 8-hydroyxyl-2-deoxyguanosine

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Fig. 1.

The levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) according to exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and gene polymorphisms. [(A) Mn-SOD, (B) GSTP1, (C) GSTT1, and (D) GSTM1] Data were analyzed using GLM models adjusted for age, sex, and nutrient supplement intake.

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study population

	Total	Boys	Girls	p²⁾
	(n = 301)	(n = 154)	(n = 147)	p²⁾
Age (years)	5.2 ± 0.1	5.2 ± 0.1¹⁾	5.2 ± 0.1	0.936
Height (cm)	114.7 ± 0.5	115.6 ± 0.6	113.8 ± 0.7	0.065
Weight (kg)	20.3 ± 0.2	20.8 ± 0.3	19.7 ± 0.3	0.012
BMI (kg/m²)	15.3 ± 0.1	15.5 ± 0.1	15.1 ± 0.1	0.065
Environmental tobacco smoking	48 (15.9)	20 (13.0)	28 (19.0)	0.131
Use of nutrient supplement during last 6 months	102 (33.9)	56 (36.4)	46 (31.3)	0.390

¹⁾ Values are means ± SE or n (%).

²⁾ p for difference between boys and girls

Table 2.

Genotype distributions and allelic frequencies for Mn SOD, GSTP1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in the stud population

	Total	Boys	Girls	p ²⁾
	(n = 301)	(n = 154)	(n = 147)	p ²⁾
Mn-SOD
Val/Val	240 (79.7)	124 (80.5)	116 (78.9)	0.627
Val/Ala	55 (18.3)	26 (16.9)	29 (19.7)
Ala/Ala	6 (2.0)	4 (2.6)	2 (1.4)
Val allele	535 (88.9)	274 (89.0)	261 (88.8)	0.730
Ala allele	67 (11.1)	34 (11.0)	33 (11.2)
GSTP1
Ile/Ile	219 (72.8)	112 (72.7)¹⁾	107 (72.8)	0.948
Ile/Val	75 (24.9)	38 (24.7)	37 (25.2)
Val/Val	7 (2.3)	4 (2.6)	3 (2.0)
Ile allele	513 (85.2)	262 (85.1)	251 (85.4)	0.990
Val allele	89 (14.8)	46 (14.9)	43 (14.6)
GSTT1
Present	148 (49.2)	73 (47.4)	75 (51.0)	0.532
Null	153 (50.8)	81 (52.6)	72 (49.0)
GSTM1
Present	125 (41.5)	63 (40.9)	62 (42.2)	0.824
Null	176 (58.5)	91 (59.1)	85 (57.8)

¹⁾ Values are n (%).

²⁾ p for difference between boys and girls

Table 3.

Concentrations of oxidative stress markers according to polymorphisms

	Urinary 8-OHdG (µM/mg creatinine)		Plasma MDA (µM)
Total	9.73 ± 0.30 (73)¹⁾		0.60 ± 0.03 (104)
Mn-SOD
Val/Val	9.99 ± 0.36 (63)	0.065 ²⁾	0.59 ± 0.04 (84)	0.660
Val/Ala + Ala/Ala	7.77 ± 1.12 (10)		0.64 ± 0.10 (20)
GSTP1
Ile/Ile	9.25 ± 0.41 (51)	0.030	0.58 ± 0.05 (75)	0.349
Ile/Val + Val/Val	10.89 ± 0.60 (22)		0.66 ± 0.08 (29)
GSTT1
Present	9.52 ± 0.54 (42)	0.527	0.62 ± 0.06 (57)	0.652
Null	9.98 ± 0.47 (31)		0.59 ± 0.05 (47)
GSTM1
Present	9.48 ± 0.59 (47)	0.534	0.58 ± 0.06 (63)	0.625
Null	9.95 ± 0.44 (26)		0.62 ± 0.05 (41)

¹⁾ Values are means ± SE (n).

²⁾ p for difference between genotypes after adjusted for age and sex

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