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Kim, Choe, Joung, Jang, Kim, and Lee: Comparison of the distribution and accessibility of restaurants in urban area and rural area∗
Research Article

J Nutr Health 2014;47(6):475-483.

Published online: 20 January 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.6.475

Comparison of the distribution and accessibility of restaurants in urban area and rural area∗

Seong-Ah Kim1, Jeong-sook Choe2, Hyojee Joung1, 3, Mi Jin Jang3, Young Kim2, Sang Eun Lee4

1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea

2National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 565–851, Korea

3Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–741, Korea

4Department of Foods and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–741, Korea

Received 3 November 2014       Revised 20 November 2014       Accepted 24 November 2014

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Nutrition Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to measure accessibility and to examine distribution of restaurants in the local community. Methods: The target area of this study was two urban areas and a rural area in a city. We collected location information on all restaurants in target areas and classified all restaurants according to Korean food restaurants and Non-Korean food restaurants. We measured restaurant density per 100 m from the residences of the study population and calculated the distance of the nearest restaurant from the residences of the subjects using the Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis method. We compared the accessibility and distribution of restaurants in urban areas with that of the rural area, and compared the accessibility and distribution of Korean restaurants with that of Non-Korean restaurants. Results: Restaurants in urban areas were more dense than those in the rural area, and, in urban areas, restaurants were intensively distributed around the subjects' residence. Also, there were more Non-Korean food restaurants than Korean food restaurants in urban areas, and it was opposite in the rural area. Conclusion: It is important that we understood the current state of the restaurant environment in the local community using GIS analysis for the first time in the field of food environment. Further research is necessary on the association of restaurant environments and the dietary life of the population.

Keywords: restaurants, food environment, GIS, Korean food, Hansik

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Fig. 1.
Distribution of restaurants of urban area
jnh-47-475f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Distribution of restaurants of rural area
jnh-47-475f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Distribution of Korean food restaurants and Non-Korean food restaurants of urban area
jnh-47-475f3.tif
Fig. 4.
Distribution of Korean food restaurants and Non-Korean food restaurants of rural area
jnh-47-475f4.tif
Table 1.
Distribution of restaurants of urban and rural area
Distance of restaurants
from subjects' residences2 		Number of restaurants1)
Urban area Rural area
≤ 100 m 187 (18.4) 31 (29.0)
100–200 m 355 (35.0) 13 (12.1)
200–300 m 219 (21.6) 3 (2.8)
300–400 m 115 (11.3) 1 (0.9)
400–500 m 54 (5.3) 3 (2.8)
500–600 m 49 (4.8) 4 (3.7)
600–700 m 14 (1.4) 3 (2.8)
700–800 m 9 (0.9) 6 (5.6)
800–900 m 4 (0.4) 10 (9.3)
900–1,000 m 2 (0.2) 5 (4.7)
≥ 1,000 m 6 (0.6) 28 (26.2)
Total 1,014 107

1) n (%) 2) The 1 km is 15–20 minute distance on foot at a 4 km/h walking speed (adult standard).

Table 2.
Distribution of the Korean food restaurants and non Korean food restaurants by area type
Distance of
restaurants
from subjects'
residences2) 		Number of restaurants1)
Urban area Rural area
Korean
food
restaurants		 Non-Korean
food
restaurants		 Korean
food
restaurants		 Non-Korean
food
restaurants
≤ 100 m 74 (7.3) 113 (11.1) 12 (11.2) 19 (17.8)
100–200 m 128 (12.6) 227 (22.4) 9 (8.4) 4 (3.7)
200–300 m 91 (9.0) 128 (12.6) 3 (2.8) 0 (0.0)
300–400 m 52 (5.1) 63 (6.2) 1 (0.9) 0 (0.0)
400–500 m 16 (1.6) 38 (3.7) 3 (2.8) 0 (0.0)
500–600 m 21 (2.1) 28 (2.8) 1 (0.9) 3 (2.8)
600–700 m 7 (0.7) 7 (0.7) 3 (2.8) 0 (0.0)
700–800 m 5 (0.5) 4 (0.4) 3 (2.8) 3 (2.8)
800–900 m 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 7 (6.5) 3 (2.8)
900–1,000 m 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 5 (4.7) 0 (0.0)
≥ 1,000 m 5 (0.5) 1 (0.1) 26 (24.3) 2 (1.9)
Total 403 (39.7) 611 (60.3) 73 (68.2) 34 (31.8)
1,014 107

1) n (%) 2) The 1 km is 15–20 minute distance on foot at a 4 km/h walking speed (adult standard).

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