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Chang, Lee, and Kang: A study on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and dietary quality in adults of a health screening and promotion center according to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2014; 47(5): 330-341.

Published online: 31 October 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.5.330

A study on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and dietary quality in adults of a health screening and promotion center according to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ji Ho Chang, Hye Seung Lee, Eun Hee Kang

Health screening & promotion center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (ehkang@amc.seoul.kr)

Received 9 July 2014       Revised 26 August 2014       Accepted 12 September 2014

© 2014 The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habits, food intakes, nutrient intakes, and diet quality of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a health screening and promotion center.

Methods

The total number of study subjects was 10,111 adults, where 3087 subjects (30.5%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. The dietary intakes were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. They were then compared with the dietary reference intakes could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines s (KDRIs).

Results

Mean age of subjects in the normal group was 52.9±10.3 yrs and body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 2.6 kg/m2, and those of the NAFLD group were 55.1 ± 9.2 yrs and 25.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2. BMI, blood pressure of the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. The rates of skipping breakfast, overeating, and eating out were significantly could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines er in the NAFLD group (p < 0.05, p < 0.000, p < 0.000 respectively). The speed of eating was fast in the NAFLD group (p < 0.000). The NAFLD group consumed significantly higher amounts of grains, meats, fish, seaweeds, kimchies, sugars, sweets, coffee, teas, and oils compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, intakes of starch products, fruits, milk, and milk products were significantly lower in the NAFLD group compared with those of the normal group (p < 0.05). Riboflavin, calcium, and dietary fiber nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of the NAFLD group were significantly lower than those of the normal group. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of the NAFLD group was lower than that of the normal group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we suggest that diet guidelines, such as increasing the intake of calcium and dietary fiber, reducing the intake of energy, fat, and simple carbohydrates, are necessary to improvement of NAFLD. The results could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines for NAFLD.

Keywords: dietary habits, nutrient intake, food intake, diet quality, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Figures and Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of the subjects
jnh-47-330-i001

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Mean ± SD 3) Not significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test 4) Body Mass Index 5) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by chi-square test 6) N (%)

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 2
Dietary habits of the subjects
jnh-47-330-i002

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD by chi-square test 3) N (%)

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 3
Food intakes from each food group of the subjects (g/day)
jnh-47-330-i003

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test 3) Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 4
Nutrient intakes and carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio of the subjects
jnh-47-330-i004

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test 3) Mean ± SD 4)C:P:F ratio = carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 5
Nutrient density of the subjects
jnh-47-330-i005

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test 3) Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 6
Korean's Dietary Diversity Score (KDDS) distribution of the subjects
jnh-47-330-i006

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD by chi-square test 3) N (%) 4) Mean ± SD 5) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 7
Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) i n subjects
jnh-47-330-i007

1) Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 2) Significantly difference between normal and NAFLD group by independent t-test 3) Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

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