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Lee, Kwon, Yon, Kim, Lee, Nam, Park, Yeon, Lee, Lee, Kwon, and Kim: Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011
Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2014; 47(4): 268-276.

Published online: 31 August 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.268

Dietary total sugar intake of Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011

Haeng-Shin Lee1, Sung-ok Kwon1, Miyong Yon1, Dohee Kim1, Jee-Yeon Lee1, Jiwoon Nam1, Seung-joo Park1, Jee-young Yeon2, Soon-kyu Lee2, Hye-young Lee2, Oh-sang Kwon2, Cho-il Kim3

1Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.

2Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.

3Bureau of Health Industry Promotion, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-43-713-8611, kimci@khidi.or.kr

Received 21 July 2014       Revised 8 August 2014       Accepted 19 August 2014

© 2014 The Korean Nutrition Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to estimate total sugar intake and identify major food sources of total sugar intake in the diet of the Korean population.

Methods

Dietary intake data of 33,745 subjects aged one year and over from the KNHANES 2008-2011 were used in the analysis. Information on dietary intake was obtained by one day 24-hour recall method in KNHANES. A database for total sugar content of foods reported in the KNHANES was established using Release 25 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, a total sugar database from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and information from nutrition labeling of processed foods. With this database, total sugar intake of each subject was estimated from dietary intake data using SAS.

Results

Mean total sugar intake of Koreans was 61.4 g/person/day, corresponding to 12.8% of total daily energy intake. More than half of this amount (35.0 g/day, 7.1% of daily energy intake) was from processed foods. The top five processed food sources of total sugar intake for Koreans were granulated sugar, carbonated beverages, coffee, breads, and fruit and vegetable drinks. Compared to other age groups, total sugar intake of adolescents and young adults was much higher (12 to 18 yrs, 69.6 g/day and 19 to 29 yrs, 68.4 g/day) with higher beverage intake that beverage-driven sugar amounted up to 25% of total sugar intake.

Conclusion

This study revealed that more elaborated and customized measures are needed for control of sugar intake of different subpopulation groups, even though current total sugar intake of Koreans was within the range (10-20% of daily energy intake) recommended by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In addition, development of a more reliable database on total sugar and added sugar content of foods commonly consumed by Koreans is warranted.

Keywords: total sugar intake, beverage, Koreans

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Total sugar intake as a percentage of daily energy intake by age in Koreans.
jnh-47-268-g001
Fig. 2
Distribution of total sugar intake among different food groups by age in Koreans.
jnh-47-268-g002
Fig. 3
Distribution of total sugar intake from beverage among different beverage sources by age in Koreans.
jnh-47-268-g003
Table 1
Mean total sugar intake per person per day and its distribution among food groups by age in Koreans
jnh-47-268-i001

1) Mean ± SE

Table 2
Major processed food sources contributing to total sugar intake by age in Koreans
jnh-47-268-i002
Table 3
Mean total sugar intake from beverages and its contribution to total sugar intake by age in Koreans
jnh-47-268-i003

1) Mean ± SE

Notes

This work was supported by grants from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

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