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Ma and Cho: Effect of health behaviors on oral health in Korean adolescents
Original Article

J Korean Acad Oral Health 2016;40(2):100-104.

Published online: 15 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.100

Effect of health behaviors on oral health in Korean adolescents

Jae-Kyung Ma1, Min-Jeong Cho2,

1Mir Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

2Department of Preventive Dentisry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Corresponding Author: Min-Jeong Cho Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Korea Tel: +82-53-652-3534 Fax: +82-53-423-2947 E-mail: beijingjo@hanmail.net

Received 21 April 2016       Revised 19 May 2016       Accepted 30 May 2016

Copyright © 2016 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

Adolescence is a time during which health behaviors and attitudes that significantly affect the quality of life are formed. The aim of this study was to analyze data from a large national survey to determine the effect of health behaviors and the DMFT index as well as oral and general health behavior patterns on oral health in adolescents.

Methods

Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to analyze the association between health behaviors and the DMFT index in Korean adolescents. The data were analyzed using SAS version 19.3. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the variables, and 95% confidence intervals were computed.

Results

Sex, age, private medical insurance coverage, usage of oral-hygiene-assistance products, lack of dental treatment, and the status of self-recognition of oral health were the factors that had a significant influence on oral health among adolescents.

Conclusions

The study findings provided further evidence supporting the promotion of school-based oral health programs and highlighting the need of oral health education for adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescent, Health behavior, Oral health

References

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Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects
Variables N (%) Total=1,180
Gender
Male 626 (53.1)
Female 554 (46.9)
Age
12 214 (18.1)
13 197 (16.7)
14 207 (17.5)
15 162 (13.7)
16 125 (10.6)
17 158 (13.5)
18 117 (9.9)
Home income
Low 155 (13.1)
Middle-low 296 (25.1)
Middle-high 361 (30.6)
High 352 (29.8)
Non-response 16 (1.4)
Health insurance
Local medical insurance 425 (36.1)
Company health plan 668 (56.6)
Medical care assistance 83 (7.0)
Non-response 4 (0.3)
Private medical insurance
Yes 939 (79.6)
No 216 (18.3)
Non-response 25 (2.1)
Alcohol experience
Yes 345 (29.2)
No 833 (70.6)
Non-response 2 (0.2)
Smoking
Yes 171 (14.5)
No 1,006 (85.3)
Non-response 3 (0.2)
Table 2.
Dental health behavior
Variables N (%) N=1,180
Number of tooth brushing/1 day
≤ 1 147 (12.5)
2 629 (53.3)
≥ 3 354 (30.0)
Non-response 50 (4.2)
Dental examination/1 year
No 684 (58.0)
Yes 496 (42.0)
Visiting dental clinics/2 weeks
No 1,076 (91.2)
Yes 104 (8.8)
Using oral hygiene assistant products
No 1,058 (89.7)
Yes 120 (10.1)
Non-response 2 (0.2)
Dental non-treatment
No 869 (73.6)
Yes 308 (26.1)
Non-response 3 (0.3)
Oral health status of self-recognition
Good 168 (14.2)
Normal 690 (58.5)
Poor 322 (27.3)
Table 3.
Oral health status according to characteristics of the subjects
Variables N DMFT index
Mean±SD P-vlaue*
Gender
Male 626 0.84±0.09 0.031*
Female 554 0.60±0.07
Age
12 214 0.33±0.07 <0.001***
13 197 0.30±0.07
14 207 0.74±0.12
15 162 0.72±0.13
16 125 0.77±0.17
17 135 1.13±0.16
18 117 1.08±0.27
Home income
Low 155 1.29±0.21 0.002**
Middle-low 296 0.73±0.10
Middle-high 361 0.64±0.09
High 352 0.46±0.10
Health insurance
Local medical insurance 425 0.72±0.09 0.047*
Company health plan 668 0.62±0.08
Medical care assistance 83 1.35±0.28
Private medical insurance
Yes 939 0.61±0.06 0.002**
No 216 1.19±0.18
Alcohol experience
Yes 345 0.59±0.07 0.002**
No 833 0.98±0.11
Smoking
Yes 171 0.62±0.06 0.001**
No 1.006 1.20±0.17

Exclude missing values. *P<0.05. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 by t-test or ANOVA.

Table 4.
Permanent teeth caries index according to oral health status
Variables N DMFT index
Mean±SD P-vlaue*
Number of tooth brushing/1 day
≤ 1 147 0.87±0.16 0.169
2 629 0.76±0.09
≥ 3 354 0.58±0.08
Dental examination/1 year
No 684 0.85±0.08 0.006**
Yes 496 0.54±0.08
Visiting dental clinics/2 weeks
No 1,076 0.74±0.06 0.521
Yes 104 0.61±0.19
Using oral hygiene products
No 1,058 0.76±0.06 <0.001***
Yes 120 0.31±0.09
Dental non-treatment
No 208 1.41±0.16 <0.001***
Yes 869 0.46±0.05
Oral health status of self-recognition
Good 168 0.37±0.10 <0.001***
Normal 690 0.43±0.05
Poor 322 1.45±0.15

Exclude missing values. *P<0.05. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 by t-test or ANOVA.

Table 5.
Association oral health status and DMFT index
Variables B SE P-value*
Gender
Male 0.246 0.11 0.026*
Female 1
Age
18 0.078 0.04 0.049*
12 1
Home income
Low 0.301 0.21 0.145
Middle-low 0.041 0.12 0.729
Middle-high 0.078 0.11 0.494
High 1
Health insurance
Local medical insurance ―0.391 0.29 0.177
Company health plan ―0.325 0.30 0.280
Medical care assistance 1
Private medical insurance
Yes ―0.293 0.14 0.042*
No 1
Alcohol experience
No 0.129 0.14 0.348
Yes 1
Smoking
No ―0.234 0.20 0.239
Yes Ref
Dental examination/1year
No 0.034 0.12 0.778
Yes 1
Using oral hygiene assistant products
No 0.255 0.11 0.021*
Yes 1
Dental non-treatment
Yes 0.653 0.16 <0.001***
No 1
Oral health status of self-recognition
Good ―0.628 0.16 <0.001***
Normal ―0.641 0.12 <0.001***
Poor 1

*P<0.05. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 by multiple regression.

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