Investigations of Samwhang-sasimtang Extracts on In Vitro Vivo

In-Chul Lee; Bae-Hwan Kim; Mee-Kyung Kim

doi:10.5625/lar.2010.26.1.15

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Lee, Kim, and Kim: Investigations of Samwhang-sasimtang Extracts on In Vitro Vivo

Original Article

Lab. Anim. Res. 2010;26(1):15-20.

Published online: 17 December 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2010.26.1.15

Investigations of Samwhang-sasimtang Extracts on In Vitro Vivo

In-Chul Lee¹, Bae-Hwan Kim^2,^∗, Mee-Kyung Kim^1,^∗

¹Senior Industry Cluster Agency, Youngdong University, Yeongdong, Korea

²Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea

^∗Corresponding authors: Bae-Hwan Kim, Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea Tel: +82-53-580-5933 Fax: +82-53-580-5164 E-mail: kim9399@kmu.ac.kr

^∗Mee-Kyung Kim, Senior Industry Cluster Agency, Youngdong University, 12-1, Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk 370-701, Korea Tel: +82-43-740-1430 Fax: +82-43-740-1449 E-mail: kim5179@youngdong.ac.kr or kim9399@kmu.ac.kr

Received 28 January 2010 Revised 5 March 2010 Accepted 12 March 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidative effects, antimicrobial activities and single oral dose toxicity of the extracts from Samwhang-sasimtang to evaluate its use as a functional ingredient in cosmetics. In the antioxidative effect, the ethanol extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (SSE) had higher antioxidant values of 91.9% at 1,000 µg/mL than that of water extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (SSW, 77.0%) when evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization of SSE was 82.2%, higher than that of the SSW (55.0%) and the antioxidant protection factors (APF) of SSW and SSE were 1.64 and 1.62 at 1,000 µg/mL in concentration, respectively. This study was also undertaken to test the in vitro antimicrobial activity with the extracts of Samwhang-sasimtang. In general, the SSE showed the significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In single oral dose toxicity study, there were no differences in vivo were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and gross finding. The results indicated that SSE did not show any toxic effects at 10 mL/kg in mice, and the LD⁵⁰ of SSE was found to be higher than 10 mL/kg in this experiment. In conclusion, the extracts from Samwhang-sasimtang may act as a natural subsistence for functional cosmetics.

Keywords: Samwhang-sasimtang, antioxidative activity, antimicrobial activity, single oral dose toxicity

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Figure 1.

Antioxidative effect of Samwhang-sasimtang extracts on DPPH radical scavenging activity. SSW, Samwhang-sasimtang water extracts; SSE, Samwhang-sasimtang ethanol extracts. Data shown are mean values with SD (n=3). The value of each group statistically significant as compared with control (∗P<0.05).

Figure 2.

Antioxidative effect of Samwhang-sasimtang extracts measured by ABTS radical cation decolorization. SSW, Samwhang-sasimtang water extracts; SSE, Samwhang-sasimtang ethanol extracts. Data shown are mean values with SD (n=3). The value of each group statistically significant as compared with control (∗P<0.05).

Table 1.

Antioxidative effect of Samwhang-sasimtang extracts by antioxidant protection factor

Sample	Concentration (µg/mL)
Sample	10	50	100	500	10,000
BHT	1.55±0.08^a	1.67±0.07^a	1.78±0.11^ab	1.78±0.08^ab	1.79±0.07^ab
SSW	1.20±0.11^a	1.24±0.13^a	1.42±0.09^ab	1.53±0.05^ab	1.64±0.05^c
SSE	1.21±0.01^a	1.27±0.07^a	1.40±0.08^ab	1.56±0.01^bc	1.62±0.02^bc

BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; SSW, Samwhang-sasimtang water extracts; SSE, Samwhang-sasimtang ethanol extracts.

^a,b Values are mean±standard deviations of triplicate determinations, different superscripts within a same row are significant differences at P<0.05.

Table 2.

Antimicrobial activities of Samwhang-sasimtang extracts against several microorganisms

Strains	Concentration (mg/8 mm paper disc)	Clear zone on plate (mm)¹
Strains	Concentration (mg/8 mm paper disc)	SSW	SSE
	0.5	-²	-
Staphylococcus aureus	1	-	9.0
	2	-	12.0
	4	-	16.3
	0.5	-	-
Staphylococcus epidermidis	1	-	9.0
	2	-	10.0
	4	-	11.0
	0.5	-	-
	1	-	-
Escherichia coli	2	-	-
	4	-	-

SSW, Samwhang-sasimtang water extracts; SSE, Samwhang-sasimtang ethanol extracts.

¹ Diameter.

² No inhibitory zone was formed.

Table 3.

Mortality of male and female mice orally treated with Samwhaing-sasimtang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Injected volume (mL/kg)							Days after treatment				Final mortality
Material	Sex	Injected volume (mL/kg)	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	3	7	14	Final mortality
Con¹	Male	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
Con¹	Female	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
SSE²	Male	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5
SSE²	Female	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² SSE, ethanol extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (1%). Values are expressed as number of dead animals/total animals (n=5).

Table 4.

Clinical signs of male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Samwhaing-sasimtang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Clinical signs	Hours after treatment							Days after treatment
Material	Sex	Clinical signs	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	3	7	14
Con¹	Male	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Con¹	Female	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
SSE²	Male	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
SSE²	Female	Normal	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² SSE, ethanol extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (1%). Values are expressed as number of animals observed clinical signs (n=5).

Table 5.

Body weights of male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Samwhaing-sasimtang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Number of animals	Days after treatment
Material	Sex	Number of animals	0	1	3	7	14
Con¹	Male	5	20.72±0.65	22.98±0.75	27.05±1.08	29.21±1.35	33.54±1.88
Con¹	Female	5	19.83±0.52	20.84±0.95	25.09±1.25	28.11±1.54	30.51±2.43
SSE²	Male	5	20.88±0.58	22.18±0.93	26.55±1.51	28.05±1.94	32.14±1.89
SSE²	Female	5	20.21±0.59	20.89±0.92	24.92±1.35	27. 10±1.67	29.39±2.21

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² SSE, ethanol extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (1%). Values are expressed as means±SD (g).

Table 6.

Gross findings of necropsy in male and female mice orally treated with 10 mL/kg of Samwhaing-sasimtang ethanol extract (1%)

Material	Sex	Observation	Frequency
Con¹	Male	NGL³	5/5
Con¹	Female	NGL	5/5
SSE²	Male	NGL	5/5
SSE²	Female	NGL	5/5

¹ Con, 10% ethanol.

² SSE, ethanol extract from Samwhang-sasimtang (1%).

³ NGL, no gross lesion. Values are expressed as animal numbers.

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