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J Rhinol. 2017 May;24(1):1-7. Korean.
Published online May 31, 2017.  https://doi.org/10.18787/jr.2017.24.1.1
Copyright © 2017 Journal of Rhinology
Olfaction and Alzheimer Disease
Ji-Eun Lee, MD, PhD
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.

Corresponding author (Email: jeviolins@gmail.com )
Received June 16, 2015; Revised January 21, 2016; Accepted June 22, 2016.

Abstract

Olfactory deficits have been reported to be associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), idiopathic Parkinson's disease and several other types of dementia. There has been increasing interest in early and severe olfactory impairment related to neurodegenerative disorders. AD is the most common type of dementia, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between olfactory and cognitive dysfunction in AD and to explore whether olfactory testing, as part of a neurocognitive evaluation, could be a useful screening and prognostic tool for AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Olfaction disorder; Dementia

Figures


 Fig. 1
Human olfactory system. GL: glomerular layer, Mi: mitral cell, PAC: periamygdaloid complex, Pg: periglomerular cell (adapted from reference #13). The human olfactory system includes peripheral sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium; these send their axons across the cribriform plate of the ethmoides bone to the olfactory bulbs. In the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs their axons synapse with dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells which in turn project to the main olfactory cortex in the basal forebrain.
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Fig. 2
Kaplan-Meier survival curve of probability of developing Alzheimer's disease over 4 years in subjects with mild cognitive impairment at baseline, by presense or absence of baseline olfactory deficit plus lack of awareness of deficit (adapted from reference #35).
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Tables


 Table 1
Risk of progression to dementia after 2-year follow up in a sample of 84 MCI patients (adapted from reference #34)
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Acknowledgments

This article is supported by Chosun University (2014).

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