The intake of food and nutrient by the elderly with chronic disease in the Seoul area

Yoo Kyung Park; Yeon Joo Lee; Sang Sun Lee

doi:10.4163/kjn.2012.45.6.531

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Park, Lee, and Lee: The intake of food and nutrient by the elderly with chronic disease in the Seoul area

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2012; 45(6): 531-540.

Published online: 31 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.6.531

The intake of food and nutrient by the elderly with chronic disease in the Seoul area

Yoo Kyung Park, Yeon Joo Lee, Sang Sun Lee

Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (leess@hanyang.ac.kr)

Received 17 July 2012 Revised 28 August 2012 Accepted 23 November 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to investigate the status of food and nutrient intakes depending on the types of chronic disease of the elderly at welfare centers in Seoul. The total number of subjects was 299 elderly over the age of 60 (82 men and 217 women); they were grouped by the disease status: normal, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and arthritis patients groups. The dietary intakes were obtained by a 24-hour recall and analyzed by CAN-Pro 4.0; they were then compared with the dietary reference intakes for the Korean (KDRIs). In the results of anthropometric data according to chronic disease, the waist circumference of the normal group in males and females was lower than the other groups; in particular, the normal female group showed a lower level of waist-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI) and body fat % than those of the other groups. The arthritis group showed a higher intake of milk products than the other groups (p < 0.05); consequently, calcium intake was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). Vitamin A intake in the arthritis group was significantly higher than the intake in the normal and DM groups (p < 0.01). Normal and arthritis groups showed significantly higher intake of zinc and copper than the CVD group (p < 0.01). In general, about 80% of the subjects in this study revealed insufficient intakes of riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, dietary fiber, vitamin D, biotin and potassium, compared with the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI). However, sodium intake of all groups was higher than the AI of KDRIs. In conclusion, nutrient intake, according to the chronic disease, showed significant difference in some of the micronutrients, vitamin A, Ca, Zn and Cu. Therefore, we suggest that dietary guidelines, such as reducing the intake of salty foods and sweet drinks and increasing the intake of foods with sufficient calcium, vitamin D and vitamin C, are necessary to the improvement of eating habits for the elderly.

Keywords: elderly people, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, arthritis

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics and lifestyle of the elderly subjects according to chronic disease

1) Cardiovascular Disease 2) Diabetes Mellitus 3) Mean ± SE 4) p-value by one way analysis of variance 5) N (%) 6) χ² ^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 2

Anthropometric data and blood pressure, blood glucose level of elderly subjects according to chronic disease

1) Cardiovascular Disease 2) Diabetes Mellitus 3) Mean ± SE 4) p-value by one way analysis of variance 5) The different alphabets mean the significant differences by Duncan's multiple range comparison test at p<0.05 6) Waist-Hip Ratio 7) Body Mass Index 8) N (%) 9) χ²

Table 3

Food intakes of elderly subjects according to chronic disease (g/day)

1) Cardiovascular Disease 2) Diabetes Mellitus 3) Mean ± SE 4) p-value by GLM univariate model test according to chronic disease; adjusted for sex and age 5) The different alphabets mean the significant differences by Duncan's multiple range comparison test at p < 0.05

Table 4

Energy and nutrient intakes of elderly subjects according to chronic disease

Table 5

Assessment of nutrient intakes less than EER, EAR or AI of elderly subjects according to chronic disease

1) Cardiovascular Disease 2) Diabetes Mellitus 3) N (%) 4) ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 5) EER: Estimated Energy Requirement 6) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement 7) AI: Adequate Intake

Notes

This work was supported by grants of the HYU Institute of Aging Society in 2011.

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