Comparison of nutritional status by energy level of night snack in Korean adults: using the data from 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Yoonsuk Suh; Eun-kyoung Lee; Young-Jin Chung

doi:10.4163/kjn.2012.45.5.479

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Suh, Lee, and Chung: Comparison of nutritional status by energy level of night snack in Korean adults: using the data from 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2012; 45(5): 479-488.

Published online: 31 October 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.5.479

Comparison of nutritional status by energy level of night snack in Korean adults: using the data from 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Yoonsuk Suh¹, Eun-kyoung Lee¹, Young-Jin Chung²

¹Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (yjchung@cnu.ac.kr)

Received 20 June 2012 Revised 8 July 2012 Accepted 7 September 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the nutritional status of night eaters using the data from 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 3,903 subjects aged 20 and above were divided into 3 groups by using 24-hr recall data according to the night snack calorie intake: non-night snack, night snack less than 500 kcal and 500 kcal and more. Their data were analyzed to find out the difference on the socio-demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, blood parameters and dietary characteristics. Among the subjects, non-night eaters were 66.0%, night eaters of less than 500 kcal were 28.4% and 500 kcal and above were 5.6%. Male adults, young-aged, higher educated, higher income earner, breakfast skipper and frequent dine-outer (3 times and more a day) were found more in the night eaters with 500 kcal and above. Night eaters above 500 kcal showed higher waist circumference, Glu-FBS, Glu-PP120 and also showed higher daily intake of fat and alcohol per 1,000 kcal and food groups of meat & eggs, beverages and alcohol drinks (p < 0.05), while they showed the lowest carbohydrate energy ratio of 58.3 ± 13.7 among the three groups. These results suggest that habitual night snack intake above 500 kcal could lead to abdominal obesity and diabetes due to higher intake of meat, fat and alcohol.

Keywords: night snack, night snack calories, night eaters, nutritional status, blood parameters, Korean adults

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects by night snack calorie intake

1) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

Anthropometric characteristics of the subjects by night snack calorie intake and their correlation coefficients

1) Measured by ANOVA test 2) Measured by ANCOVA test adjusted by age and gender 3) Partial correlation coefficients adjusted by age and gender 4) Mean ± SD 5) Different small alphabet letters are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 3

Distribution of body mass index by night snack calorie intake

1) N (%)

Table 4

Blood pressure and concentration of blood parameters of the subjects by night snack calorie intake and their correlation coefficients

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Dietary behaviors of the subjects by night snack calorie intake

1) N (%)

^**: p < 0.001

Table 6

Monthly frequency of food group intake by night snack calorie intake of the subjects and their correlation coefficients

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7

Daily mean nutrients intake per 1,000 kcal by night snack calorie intake of the subjects and their correlation coefficients

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range by night snack calorie intake of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD 2) Different small alphabet letters are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test

^***: p < 0.001

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