Journal List > Korean J Nutr > v.45(5) > 1043953

Choe, Ahn, Kwon, Park, and Lee: Dietary factors affecting bone mineral density in Korean rural postmenopausal women

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate dietary factors, bone status, and bone loss in postmenopausal women in rural areas. A total of 189 women participated in the follow-up study after two years. Radius, Tibia, and Phalanx SOS (Speed of Sound) was measured on two occasions 2 years apart by ultra-sonic-metry, and % body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at the baseline and after 2years. Dietary intake data were collected 4 times at different season by 24-hour recall method, and then calculated as average. Bone density of radius decreased by 4.2% during the two year period. When the subjects were divided into three groups, by bone decline level during two years, the lowest bone loss group had higher potassium and vegetable intake than other groups. Age and calcium intakes showed significant correlation with bone decline rate at tibia. In multiple regressions, the baseline SOS, vitamin A, vegetables and eggs intakes were found to be significant factors for tibia bone decline. In conclusion, dietary factors, such as higher vegetable intake, seem to affect the changes in bone mineral density in more favorable way. Therefore, efforts are needed to enhance the access to nutritional care for rural elderly postmenopausal women.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Flowchart of the study. *: Quantitative Ultrasound
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Fig. 2
Bone loss (%) over 2 years by age-groups.
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Table 1
Body composition of subjects at baseline and after 2 years
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1) Mean ± SE

NS: not significant

*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 by paired sample t-test

Table 2
Values of bone SOS (m/s) measured by ultrasound in each year
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1) Mean ± SE

***: p < 0.001 by paired sample t-test

Table 3
Mean bone loss (%) by tertile of bone loss (%)
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1) Mean ± SE

Table 4
Age, menopausal age, duration after menopause and number of birth by tertile of bone loss at radius
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1) Mean ± SE

Table 5
Body composition by tertile of bone loss at radius
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1) Mean ± SE

Table 6
Energy and nutrient density by tertile of bone loss (%) at radius and tibia
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1) Mean ± SE 2) Mean values are significantly different according to tertile of bone loss (%) by ANCOVA adjusted for age and baseline bone SOS (p < 0.05) 3) Different superscripts within a row are significantly different at Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 7
Food intake by tertile of bone loss (%) at radius and tibia
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1) Mean ± SE 2) Mean values are significantly different according to tertile of bone loss (%) by ANCOVA adjusted for age and baseline bone SOS (p < 0.05) 3) Different superscripts within a row are significantly different at Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 8
Partial correlations between bone loss (%) and related factors
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*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 9
Partial correlations between bone loss(%) at tibia and related factors by age-groups
kjn-45-470-i009

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 10
Multiple regression analysis with baseline bone SOS, and nutrient density and food intake as independent variables and bone loss (%) at radius
kjn-45-470-i010

1)*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 2) The entered variables were age, height, baseline body fat (kg), change in body fat (kg), baseline lean body mass, change in lean body mass, total energy, nutrients expressed as the nutrient density (protein, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Fe, K, Na, Zn, niacin, folate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C), food intakes and baseline bone SOS at radius

Notes

This work was supported by National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development of Administration, Republic of Korea.

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