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Abstract
Assessment regarding the nutritional status of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is important because their nutritional status influences the outcome of disease. The purpose of this study investigated the dietary habits, dietary quality, and quality of life for Korean PD patients according to their nutritional status. Seventy PD patients were recruited from K University Hospital (KMC IRB#0918-07) from February 2010 to October 2011. To diagnose PD, the United Kingdom Parkinson's Society Brain Bank standards were used by a neurology physician. The participants were interviewed and assessed using various tools, including a general questionnaire, anthropometrics, questionnaires for dietary habits, dietary diversity score (DVS), dietary variety score (DVS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), beck depression inventory (BDI), the Korean version of mini mental state examination (K-MMSE), and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). The results of the study were as follows: 1) Most of the PD patients (69.0%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 8.5% and 22.5% of the subjects were malnourished and well-nourished, respectively. 2) Clinical symptoms (swallowing and chewing difficulties) were obvious, and the quality of diet (DDS, DVS, DQI-I) was low in the malnourished group (p < 0.01). 3) The malnourished group had significantly lower scores regarding SF-36 (quality of life) as well as that of cognitive function (p < 0.05). 4) The nutritional status of PD patients was significantly correlated with their depression (p < 0.05) and quality of life (p < 0.01). These results indicate that appropriate nutritional management will improve the nutritional status and quality of life as well as the cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Comparison of nutrient intakes with KDRIs according to the nutritional status. 1) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans, 2010 2) Value are Mean ± SD 3) *: significantly different at p <0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.
Fig. 2
Correlations of A) MNA and BDI, B) MNA and SF-36, and C) SF-36 and BDI. 1) MNA: Mini nutrition assessment. BDI: Beck depression inventory, provides a continuous score of depressive symptoms ranging from 0 to 63 (worst to best condition). SF-36: 36-item short-form health survey, scores ranging from 0 to 100 (worst to best health) 2) The correlations of these data were analysed by partial correlation coefficient after adjusting duration of Parkinson disease.
Table 2
Anthropometric measurements according to the nutritional status
1) Values are Mean ± SD 2) BMI: Body Mass Index = body weight (kg) / height (m2) 3) PIBW: Percentage of ideal body weight = body weight (kg)/ideal body weight (kg) × 100 4) LBM: Lean Body Mass 5) Letter with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different at p <0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test
Table 3
Dietary habits and dietary problems according to the nutritional status
1) Eating habit is a screening and assessment tool that can be used to identify Parkinson disease patients at risk food habits and dietary problem. Scores ranging from 0-14 (bad to good) is calculated corresponding respectively to food habits and dietary problems 2) Values are Mean ± SD 3) Values are n, (%) 4) Multiple choice responses
Significantly different among the groups by Chi-square test at *: p <0.05 and **: p <0.01
Table 4
Dietary quality of the subjects according to the nutritional status
1) Value are Mean ± SD 2) DDS: Dietary diversity score, counts the number of food groups consumed daily meal from major five food groups (grain, meat, vegetable, dairy, fruit) 3) DVS: Dietary variety score counts the total number of food consumed per day 4) DQI-I: Dietary quality index international scores are the sum of the four categories used to assess diet quality, 0 (poor diet), 100 (excellent diet) 5) Letter with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different at p <0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test
Table 5
BDI, K-MMSE and SF-36 scores according to the nutritional status
1) Values are Mean ± SD 2) BDI: Beck depression inventory provides a continuous score of depressive symptoms ranging from 0 to 63, the standard cutoffs were as follows: 0-13: minimal depression, 14-19: mild depression, 20-28: moderate depression, 29-63: severe depression 3) K-MMSE: Korean version of mini mental state examination provides a continuous score of mental status ranging from 0 to 30, the standard cutoffs were as follow: 0-9: severe status, 10-19: moderate status, 20-23: mild status, 24-30: normal status 4) SF-36: 36-item short-form health survey, scores ranging from 0 to 100 (worst to best health) is calculated corresponding respectively to physical health and mental health 5) Letter with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different at p <0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test
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