Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean female adults according to obesity : Based on 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Yun-Jung Bae

doi:10.4163/kjn.2012.45.2.140

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Bae: Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean female adults according to obesity : Based on 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2012; 45(2): 140-149.

Published online: 27 April 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.2.140

Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean female adults according to obesity : Based on 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Yun-Jung Bae

Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hanbuk University, Dongducheon 483-120, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (byj@hanbuk.ac.kr)

Received 26 January 2012 Revised 21 February 2012 Accepted 4 April 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake and diet quality of obese women to those of non-obese women, and to investigate the relationship between diet quality and obesity index in females. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In this study, according to their BMI (above 25 kg/m²), we classified the subjects into the obese group (n = 724) and non-obese control group (n = 2,841). Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score, DVS), and food groups consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) were analyzed by using the data from the 24-recall method. The average energy intake of both the obese and control group were 1634.94 kcal and 1,707.81 kcal, respectively (p = 0.0199). The obese group consumed significantly lower quantities of calcium per 1,000 kcal compared to the control group (p = 0.0261). With regards to diet quality, calcium NAR in the obese group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.0158). MAR values for the obese and the control group was 0.79 and 0.80, respectively and revealed no statistical difference. The obese group showed a significantly lower consumption of milk compared to the control group (p = 0.0162). The average DVS of the obese and control group was 28.63 and 30.41, respectively and revealed a statistical significance (p = 0.0003). DDS in the obese group (3.686) was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.769)(p = 0.0253). DVS showed considerable negative relationships with BMI or waist circumference after it was adjusted for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, obese women had lower calcium intake quality, milk consumption, DVS and DDS than those of the control group. In Korean females, food intake variety did adversely affect obesity index. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Keywords: diet quality, obesity, dietary variety score, dietary diversity score, Korean female adult

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean ± standard error 2) %

Table 2

Dietary intakes of the subjects

1) Mean ± standard error

Table 3

The percent of RNI¹⁾ of the subjects

1) Recommended nutrient intake 2) Estimated energy requirement 3) Mean ± standard error

Table 4

The percent of the subjects consumed under EAR¹⁾ of the subjects

Estimated average requirement 2) Estimated energy requirement 3) % 4) Significance as determined by χ²-test

Table 5

Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the subjects

Table 6

Food intakes from each food group in subjects

1) Mean ± standard error

Table 7

Dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary variety score (DVS) of the subjects

1) Mean ± standard error 2) %

Table 8

Relationship between DVS, DDS and obesity-related antropometric indicator

Model 1: Unadjusted model, Model 2: Adjustment for age, Model 3: Model 2+ additional adjustment for alcohol consumption (None, ≤ 1/mo, 2-4/mo, ≥ 2/wk), physical activity and energy intake

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