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Abstract
Dietary fatty acids are under intense research to identify anti-atherogenic mechanisms, so we investigated green tea powder (GT) as a protector against atherogenesis originating from lipid peroxidation such as 4-hydroxynonemal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in different dietary fatty acid-treated apo E KO mice. Growth rate and dietary efficiency were lower in apo E KO mice with or without LA compared to wild type. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) did not correspond to values in other tissues, but TG in heart tissue decreased significantly by GT after linoleic acid (LA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was administered. LA induced apoptosis as evidenced by changes in aorta morphology and immunohistochemistry. Lipid peroxides (LPO) was increased in apo E KO mice with or without LA corresponding to the accumulation of 4-HNE or MDA in the proximal aorta above the atria. GT consumption tended to reduce the primary causal mechanism of atherogenic phenomena such as oxidizability in both LA and DHA treated atherogenic mice. A high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) diet involved the changes on stress-induced apoptotic signaling by increasing caspase 3, cytochrome c, and nuclear factor-κB in the heart tissue, but decreasing the bcl-2 protein. However, GT remarkably reduced the expression of apoptotic signaling, in contrast to the PUFA diet. Therefore, the potential of GT as an anti-atherosclerotic dietary antioxidant was tested in this study.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 2
A: Gross morphology of proximal aortae in 20%LA, 20%LA + 5%GT, 20%DHA and 20%DHA + 5%GT treated apo E KO mice. The presence of atherosclerotic lesion (white arrow) were clearly observed at inner-curvature and branch points of aorta in apo E KO mice. B: Representative image of an aortic root atherosclerotic lesion (white arrow) in LA, LA-GT, DHA and DHA-GT treated C57BL/6J apoE KO mice.
Fig. 3
Cell signaling of mitochondrial damage from the hepatocytes of apoE KO mice and 20% LA, 20% LA + 5% GT, 20% DHA and 20% DHA + 5% GT treated apo E KO mice.
Table 1
Diet composition of experimental diet
1)Green tea: Green tea powder 2)AIN 76 Minerak Mixture (g/kg of mix): Calcium phosphate, dibasic 500; Sodium chloride 74; Potassium citrate, monohydrate 220; Potassium sulfate 52; Magnesium oxide 24; Manganous carbonate 3.5; Ferric citrate 6.0; Ferric citrate 6.0; Zinc carbonate 1.6; Cupric carbonate 0.3; Potassium iodate 0.01; Sodium selenite 0.01; Chromonium potassium sulfate 0.55; finally added Sucrose to sum 1.0 kg 3)AIN 76 Vitamin mixture; g/kg of mix: Thiamin-HCl 0.6; Riboflavin 0.6; Pyridoxine-HCl 0.7; Nicotinic acid 3.0; D-Calcium pantothenate 1.6; Folic acid 0.2; D-Biotin 0.02; Cyanocobalamine 0.001; Retinol acetate 400,000 I.U.; dl-αTocopheryl acetate 5,000 I.U.; Cholecalciferol 0.0025; Menaquenone 0.005; finally added Sucrose to sum 1.0 kg
Table 2
The mean of body weight gains, food intake and food efficiency in apo E KO mice fed PUFA with GT for 8 weeks
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