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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed ofa normal diet group, a high fat·high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat·high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on hepatic hydrogen peroxide contents in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets. All values are the means ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscript letters are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test.
Fig. 2
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on hepatic carbonyl value contents in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets. All values are the means ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscript letters are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test.
Table 1
Composite of experiment groups (g/kg diet)
1) N: normal diet. HFC: high fat·high cholesterol diet, HFCW1: high fat·high cholesterol diet + water extracts from red pepper seeds 10 g/kg, HFCW2: high fat·high cholesterol diet + water extracts from red pepper seeds 20 g/kg, HFCW4: high fat·high cholesterol diet + water extracts from red pepper seeds 40 g/kg 2) AIN-76 mineral mixture (g/kg mixture) 3) AIN-76 vitamin mixture (g/kg mixture) 4) Red pepper seeds: cultivated in andong
Table 2
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) in rat fed high fat·high cholesterol diets
All values are mean ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test. The experimental groups are the same as in Table 1. NS: not significant
Table 3
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets
All values are mean ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test. The experimental groups are the same as in Table 1
Table 4
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase activities in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diets
All values are mean ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test. The experimental groups are the same as in Table 1
Table 5
Effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds on hepatic superoxide radical contents in rats fed high fat·high cholesterol diet
All values are mean ± SE (n = 10). Those with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey's test. The experimental groups are the same as in Table 1
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