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Abstract
A valid food or dish frequency questionnaire needs to be developed in Korea for accurate dietary assessment because the dietary practices of Koreans are very different from those of other countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the newly developed, semi-quantitative, dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) with 12-day dietary records (12-DRs) as a gold standard. The study subjects were 115 men and 173 women aged 30-65 years old. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 112 dish items reported in Semi-DFQ with those in 12-DRs by Spearman rank correlation coefficients (SCCs). The consumption frequency and portion size reported in Semi-DFQ were higher than those in 12-DRs. The SCCs for the consumption frequency of various dishes ranged from -0.07 (fried seaweed) to 0.70 (instant coffee), the portion size ranged from -0.09 (cold seaweed soup) to 0.68 (soju), and the daily intake ranged from -0.07 (fried seaweed) to 0.71 (soju). The SCCs were higher for dishes consumed daily, such as steamed rice, milk, coffee and alcohol, than those of foods eaten rarely. The overall agreements between the Semi-DFQ and 12-DRs were low for categories of consumption frequency and portion size, even though some dishes showed high SCCs. The SCCs of the two methods in consumption frequency and amount were higher among the women and younger subject. The results revealed the limitation of the Semi-DFQ for evaluating the status of usual individual intake. Therefore, the Semi-DFQ can be used in addition as dietary records and 24-hour recall depending on the research aims.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Flow of validation study. Semi-DFQ: Semi-quantitative Dish-based Frequency Questionnaire, 3-DR: 3-day Dietary Records.
Fig. 2
Flow chart for comparison of frequency and amount of dishes reported in Semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) vs 12-day Dietary Records (12-d DRs). 1) By spearman rank correlation coefficients between Semi-DFQ vs 12-d DRs, 2) 68% of total consumption frequency.
Fig. 3
Relationships between total number of dish types for 12 days and Spearman correlation coefficients of consumption frequency on subjects (n = 288).
Table 1
Dish lists by correlation coefficients level of consumption frequency between Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) and 12-day Dietary records
Table 2
Distribution of consumption frequencies of selective dish items from 12-day Dietary records by response in Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ)
Listed the part of dish items which clearly explained the relationship between Semi-DFQ and 12-day dietary records according to Spearman correlation coefficients of consumption frequency in table 1.
1) Spearman correlation coefficients of consumption frequency
Table 3
Dish lists by correlation coefficients level of portion size between Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ)and 12-day Dietary records
Table 4
Comparison of portion size in Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) with self reported amount in 12-day-Dietary records, n = 288
Listed the part of dish items which clearly explained the relationship between Semi-DFQ and 12-day dietary records according to Spearman correlation coefficients of portion size in Table 3.
1) Spearman correlation coefficients of portion size, 2) Subjects who responded to the respective serving size
Table 5
Dish lists by correlation coefficients level of daily intake between Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) and 12-day Dietary records
Table 6
Comparison of age and gender according to the correlation coefficients levels in reporting frequency, portion size, daily intake of dish items by Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire vs12-day Dietary records
Table 7
Spearman correlation coefficients of consumption frequencies of dish group between Semi-quantitative dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) and 12 day dietary records by season
This dish items were selected by comparison with most frequently consumed foods from 2007 KNHANES
1) Frequency of dish intake on diatary record of each season, 2) Spearman correlation coefficients of frequency between Semi-DFQ and each season of Dietary record, 3) Spearman correlation coefficients of frequency between Semi-DFQ and total Dietary records
*: p < .05, **: p < .01, ***: p < .001
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