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Abstract
This study investigates the change of level of psychosocial factors of decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy after nutrition education on vegetable and fruit intake of children in pre-action stages. Forty-seven 5th grade elementary school children in Yeongi-Gun, Chungnam-Do were categorized into pre-action stages from a total of 71 children by four-stage questions, and then finally into two stages of precontemplation and contemplation & preparation. After 6 weeks nutrition education, recognition of both of pros and cons of vegetable intake were improved in the two groups of precontemplation and contemplation & preparation. In fruits intake, however, recognition of pros was not changed after nutrition education in either stage, but recognition of cons was improved only in the precontemplation stage. However, no difference in any psychosocial variables was found between precontemplation stage and contemplation & preparation stage. After the nutrition education, the score of consciousness raising of vegetable intake belonging to cognitive process of change increased in the subjects of the precontemplation stage, wheres the scores of dramatic relief, self-reevaluation, environment reevaluation and social liberation increased in the group of contemplation & preparation. In fruit intake, however, no change was found except in the environment reevaluation in the precontemplation group. The behavioral process of change of vegetable and fruit intake did not show any change in either group after nutrition education. Self-efficacy scores of vegetable intake of keeping the foods at hand, eating the recommended number of servings and making time to eat increased in the precontemplation group, while in the contemplation & preparation group, self efficacy scores of shopping for a variety of vegetables, instead of keeping the foods at hands, as well as the scores of the rest two items of eating the recommended number of servings and making time to eat increased after nutrition education. However, in case of fruits intake, no difference was shown in the precontemplation stage except an item of keeping the foods at hand. The results indicated that the stage of change was progressed in the pre-action stage after nutrition education and the scores of many psychosocial factors increased in both pre-action stages. It is suggested that the recognition of cons as well as the cognitive process of change and self-efficacy could be best used as indicators of the assessment of nutrition education program for vegetable intake.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Distribution of stage of change of the subjects after 6 weeks nutrition education on vegetable and fruit intake N (%)
Table 2
The general characteristics of the subjects of precontemplation stages & contemplation and preparation stage before nutrition education
Table 3
Pros and cons of the two stages of initial and after nutrition education on vegetable and fruit intake
Table 4
Cognitive process and behavioral process of two stages of change of initial and after nutrition education on vegetable intake
Table 5
Cognitive process and behavioral process of two stages of change of initial and after nutrition education on fruit intake
Table 6
Self-efficacy of two stages of change of initial and after nutrition education on vegetable intake
1) 1. I can keep these foods at hand/readily available vegetables. 2. I can eat the recommended number of servings of vegetables when I eat on my own 3. I can shop for a variety of vegetables. 4. I can make time to eat vegetables 5. When I eat at home, I can eat more vegetables 2) Mean ± SD 3) NS: Mean scores of each self-efficacy item did not show any significant difference between two stages each time of before and after nutrition education PC: precontemplation, CO & PR: contemplation and preparation
*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001
Table 7
Self-efficacy of two stages of change of initial and after nutrition education on fruit intake
1) 1. I can keep these foods at hand/readily available fruits. 2. I can eat the recommended number of servings of fruits when I eat on my own. 3. I can shop for a variety of fruits. 4. I can make time to eat fruits. 5. When I eat at home, I can eat more fruits. 2) Mean ± SD 3) NS: Mean scores of each self-efficacy item did not show any significant difference between two stages each time of before and after nutrition education PC: precontemplation, CO&PR: contemplation and preparation
*: p < 0.05
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