Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level

Jihyun Choi; Hyun-Kyung Moon

doi:10.4163/kjn.2010.43.5.463

Journal List > Korean J Nutr > v.43(5) > 1043842

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Choi and Moon: Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2010; 43(5): 463-474.

Published online: 31 October 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.5.463

Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level

Jihyun Choi, Hyun-Kyung Moon

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (emmajchoi@dankook.ac.kr)

Received 4 August 2010 Revised 15 September 2010 Accepted 5 October 2010

Abstract

The nutrient intake and association between dish group intake and blood glucose and serum lipid level (TG, cholesterol, LDL and HDL) was analyzed among 3 groups: 452 subjects in normal blood glucose group (NG: fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose < 140 mg/dL), 258 subjects in impaired fasting glucose group (IFG: fasting blood glucose 100~125 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL) and 101 subjects in diabetic group (DG: fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL). The data were obtained from the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The 811 subjects were adults aged 40~64 without dietary treatment. In nutrients intake, IFG was the highest and DG the lowest in both quantity and quality. DG, especially, had the lowest intake in carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, Ca, P, K, vitamins B1 and C, and consumed the highest amount of alcohol. In macronutrients distribution ratio, the DG diet showed a lower energy intake from carbohydrates but higher from fat than the NG diet, while IFG showed a higher energy intake from carbohydrates and lower intake from fat in supper out of 3 meals and snacks. IFG preferred salt-fermented foods and DG preferred soups, braised foods and kimchi compared to other groups. NG preferred multi-grain cooked rice and both IFG and DG preferred plain white cooked rice. Regarding the association between dish group intake and blood glucose, cooked rice, soups, salt-fermented foods and kimchi were significantly related to blood glucose. In blood lipids, steamed-foods, beverages and fruits were inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas cooked rice, stews, saltfer- mented foods, seasoned-fermented foods and seasoned vegetables were directly proportional to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and related diseases. Therefore, it is beneficial to avoid rich, salty and fatty foods and heavy alcohol consumption for controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, while steamed foods, foods rich in fiber (like multigrain rice) as a staple, and fruits and teas are recommended for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes risks.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, dish, cholesterol, TG

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Macronutrients distribution ratio of supper. 1) Significance by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05).

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study sample in the KNHANES III

1) Mean ± SE, 2) Number (%), 3) Significance by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05), 4) Waist circumference, 5) Fasting blood glucose, 6) 2 hours postprandial blood glucose

Table 2

Comparison of nutrients intake by fasting blood glucose level

1) Mean ± SE, 2) Significance by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 3

Comparison of nutrient density by fasting blood glucose level

1) Mean ± SE, 2) Significance by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 4

Comparison of dish group intake by fasting blood glucose level (%)

Table 5

Comparison of cooked rice and soup intake by fasting blood glucose level (%)

Table 6

Effect of dish group intake on fasting blood glucose and serum lipid level

1) Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, 2) Significance by Spearman rank correlation test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Notes

This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by Korea Government (MOEHRD)(KRF-2006-353-C00067).

References

1. Diabetes Action Now. WHO. 2010. 10. Available from: http://www.who.int/diabetes.

2. Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. National Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook. 2003-2007.

3. Ministry of Health and Welfare. The 3rd Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). 2006.

4. Korea National Statistics Office. Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics. 1997-2009.

5. Kown SJ, Kim EK. Anthropometry, blood pressure, serum lipid levels and nutrient intakes in people with impaired fasting glucose and with diabetes. Korean J Nutr. 2002. 35(3):303–313.

6. Kim S, Sohn CM, Chae DW. Comparison of nutritional status and inflammational markers in DM and nonDM hemodialysis patients. Korean J Community Nutr. 2005. 10(5):693–699.

7. Choi YM, Lee JH, Han JS. Effects of vitamin D and calcium intervention on the improvement of resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Korean Diabetes J. 2009. 33:324–334.

8. Kim MJ, Kim JH. Dietary antioxidant vitamins intakes and plasma antioxidant levels in Korean elderly with diabetes living in Ulsan. Korean J Community Nutr. 2008. 13(2):276–287.

9. Woo YJ, Lee HS, Kim WY. Individual diabetes nutrition education can help management for type 2 diabetes. Korean J Nutr. 2006. 39(7):641–648.

10. Kim MA, Kim YS, Yoon SK. Recipes for dishes controlling diabetes and its blood glucose response effect. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 1999. 15(4):401–409.

11. Ahn HJ, Han KA, Koo BK, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Park KS, Min KW. Analysis of meal habits from the viewpoint of regularity in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Korean Diabetes J. 2008. 32:68–76.

12. Park SJ, Woo MH, Choue RW. Dietary quality and self-management status according to the glycemic control in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Korean J Food Nutr. 2008. 21(4):530–535.

13. Ahn HJ, Koo BK, Jung JY, Kwon HR, Chung MY, Ku YH, Kim JT. Association between volume of bowls and the dietary intakes in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Korean Diabetes J. 2009. 33:335–343.

14. Ahn HJ, Koo BK, Jung JY, Kwon HR, Kim HJ, Park KS, Han KA, Min KW. Bowl-based meal plan versus food exchange-based meal plan for dietary intake control in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Korean Diabetes J. 2009. 33:155–163.

15. Cai H, Shu XO, Gao YT, Li H, Yang G, Zheng W. A prospective study of dietary patterns and mortality in Chinese women. Epidemiology. 2007. 18(3):393–401.

16. Harding AH, Wareham NJ, Bingham SA, Khaw K, Luben R, Welch A, Forouhi NG. Plasma vitamin C Level, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: the european prospective investigation of cancer-norfolk prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008. 168(14):1493–1499.

17. Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Balbi V, Volpe C, Galzerano D, Giugliano D, Sgambato S, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Physiol. 1994. 266(2 Pt 1):E261–E268.

18. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 2005.

19. Souza RJ, Swain JF, Appel LJ, Sacks FM. Alternatives for macronutrient intake and chronic disease: a comparison of the omniheart diets with popular diets and with dietary recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008. 88(1):1–11.

20. Browning LM, Jebb SA. Nutritional influences on inflammation and type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006. 8(1):45–54.

21. Ma Y, Olendzki BC, Hafner AR, Chiriboga DE, Culver AL, Andersen VA, Merriam PA, Pagoto SL. Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake among adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition. 2006. 22(11-12):1129–1136.

22. Pikilidou MI, Lasaridis AN, Sarafidis PA, Befani CD, Koliakos GG, Tziolas IM, Kazakos KA, Yovos JG, Nilsson PM. Insulin sensitivity increase after calcium supplementation and change in intraplatelet calcium and sodium-hydrogen exchange in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009. 26(3):211–219.

23. Villegas R, Gao YT, Dai Q, Yang G, Cai H, Li H, Zheng W, Shu XO. Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Shanghai women's health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009. 89(4):1059–1067.

24. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care. 2006. 29(3):650–656.

25. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi N, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Jalbani N, Sarfaraz RA, Shah A, Kandhro GA, Shah AQ, Baig JA. Potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium levels in biological samples of hypertensive and nonhypertensive diabetes mellitus patients. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008. 124(3):206–224.

26. Nöthlings U, Schulze MB, Weikert C, Boeing H, van der Schouw YT, Bamia C, Benetou V, Lagiou P, Krogh V, Beulens JW, Peeters PH, Halkjaer J, Tjønneland A, Tumino R, Panico S, Masala G, Clavel-Chapelon F, de Lauzon B, Boutron-Ruault MC, Vercambre MN, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Overvad K, Arriola L, Ardanaz E, Gonzalez CA, Tormo MJ, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Key TJ, Vineis P, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Boffetta P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van der A DL, Berglund G, Wirfält E, Hallmans G, Johansson I, Lund E, Trichopoulo A. Intake of vegetables, legumes, and fruit, and risk for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a european diabetic population. J Nutr. 2008. 138(4):775–781.

27. Pizziol A, Tikhonoff V, Paleari CD, Russo E, Mazza A, Ginocchio G. Effects of caffeine on glucose tolerance: a placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998. 52(11):846–849.

28. Graham TE, Sathasivam P, Rowland M, Marko N, Greer F, Battram D. Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001. 79:559–565.

29. Greer F, Hudson R, Ross R, Graham T. Caffeine ingestion decreases glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in sedentary humans. Diabetes. 2001. 50(10):2349–2354.

30. Keijzers GB, De Galan BE, Tack CJ, Smits P. Caffeine can decrease insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes Care. 2002. 25(2):364–369.

31. Lane JD, Barkauskas CE, Surwit RS, Feinglos MN. Caffeine impairs glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004. 27(8):2047–2048.

32. Robinson LE, Savani S, Battram DS, McLaren DH, Sathasivam P, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion before an oral glucose tolerance test impairs blood glucose management in men with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2004. 134(10):2528–2533.

33. van Dam RM, Feskens EJ. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 2002. 360(9344):1477–1478.

34. Agardh EE, Carlsson S, Ahlbom A, Efendic S, Grill V, Hammar N. Coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in swedish men and women. J Intern Med. 2004. 255(6):645–652.

35. Salazar-Martinez E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ. Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004. 140(1):1–8.

36. Tuomilehto J, Hu G, Bidel S, Lindstrom J, Jousilahti P. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged finnish men and women. JAMA. 2004. 291(10):1213–1219.

37. Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Wilhelmsen L, Thelle D, Johansson S. Coffee and incidence of diabetes in Swedish women: a prospective 18-year follow-up study. J Intern Med. 2004. 255(1):89–95.

38. Hosoda K, Wang MF, Liao ML, Chuang CK, Iha M, Clevidence B. Antihyperglycemic effect of oolong tea in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003. 26(6):1714–1718.

39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Service. Your Guide to Lowering Your Blood Pressure with DASH. 2006. NIH Publication;No.06-4082.

40. Moon HK, Choi SO, Kim JE. Dishes contributing to sodium intake of elderly living in rural areas. Korean J Community Nutr. 2009. 14(1):123–136.

41. Liese AD, Roach AK, Sparks KC, Marquart L, D'Agostino RB, Mayer-Davis EJ. Wholegrain intake and insulin sensitivity: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003. 78(5):965–961.

42. Steffen LM, Jacobs DR, Murtaugh MA, Moran A, Steinberger J, Hong CP. Whole grain intake is associated with lower body mass and greater insulin sensitivity among adolescents. Am J Epidemiol. 2003. 158(3):243–250.

43. McKeown NM, Meigs JB, Liu S, Saltzman E, Wilson PW, Jacques PF. Carbohydrate nutrition, insulin resistance, and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the framingham offspring cohort. Diabetes Care. 2004. 27(2):538–546.

44. Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values. Diabetes Care. 2008. 31(12):2281–2283.

45. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, McKeown-Eyssen G, Josse RG, Silverberg J, Booth GL, Vidgen E, Josse AR, Nguyen TH, Corrigan S, Banach MS, Ares S, Mitchell S, Emam A, Augustin LS, Parker TL, Leiter LA. Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2008. 300(23):2742–2753.

46. Kim IJ. Glycemic index revisited. Korean Diabetes J. 2009. 33:261–266.

47. Yoen HJ, Lee MY, Nam SM, Kim SY, Koh JH, Shim MS, Chung CH. Role of alcohol intake on lipid profiles and nutrients intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Korean Clin Diabetes. 2008. 9:329–335.

48. Howard AA, Arnsten JH, Gourevitch MN. Effect of alcohol consumption on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2004. 140(3):211–219.

49. Imhof A, Froehlich M, Brenner H, Boeing H, Pepys MB, Koenig W. Effect of alcohol consumption on systemic markers of inflammation. Lancet. 2001. 357(9258):763–767.

50. Imhof A, Woodward M, Doering A. Overall alcohol intake, beer, wine, and systemic markers of inflammation in western Europe: results from three monica samples (Augsburg, Glasgow, Lille). Eur Heart J. 2004. 25(23):2092–2100.

51. Estruch R, Sacanella E, Badia E. Different effects of red wine and gin consumption on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis: a prospective randomized crossover trial. Atherosclerosis. 2004. 175(1):117–123.

52. Mukamal KJ, Cushman M, Mittleman MA, Tracy RP, Siscovick DS. Alcohol consumption and inflammatory markers in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Atherosclerosis. 2004. 173(1):79–87.

53. Shai I, Rimm EB, Schulze MB, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Moderate alcohol intake and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among diabetic men. Diabetologia. 2004. 47(10):1760–1767.

54. Volpato S, Pahor M, Ferrucci L. Relationship of alcohol intake with inflammatory markers and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in well-functioning older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Circulation. 2004. 109(5):607–612.

TOOLS

Similar articles