Effect of Calcium Source using Tilapia Mossambica Scales on the Bone Metabolic Biomarkers and Bone Mineral Density in Rats

Gun-Ae Yoon; Kwang-Hyeon Kim

doi:10.4163/kjn.2010.43.4.351

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Yoon and Kim: Effect of Calcium Source using Tilapia Mossambica Scales on the Bone Metabolic Biomarkers and Bone Mineral Density in Rats

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2010; 43(4): 351-356.

Published online: 31 August 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.4.351

Effect of Calcium Source using Tilapia Mossambica Scales on the Bone Metabolic Biomarkers and Bone Mineral Density in Rats

Gun-Ae Yoon¹, Kwang-Hyeon Kim²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.

²Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (gayoon@deu.ac.kr)

Received 15 April 2010 Revised 25 May 2010 Accepted 13 July 2010

Abstract

This study was done to evaluate the effect of Ca source using fish (Tilapia mossambica) scales on the bone metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks of age, were fed low-calcium diet (0.15% Ca) for 2 weeks. The rats on the low-calcium diet were further assigned to one of following three groups for an additional 4 weeks: 1) Ca-depletion group (LoCa) given 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃), 2) Ca-repletion group (AdCa) given 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃), 3) Ca-repletion diet (AdFa) received 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales). Serum parathyroid (PTH) and calcitonin showed no differences among experimental groups. Whereas LoCa group elevated the turnover markers, serum ALP and osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), AdCa and AdFa groups reduced their values. Elevation in the femoral weight, ash and Ca contents was observed in AdCa and AdFa groups. Bone mineral density was increased in AdCa and AdFa groups by 25-26% compared with LoCa group. These data demonstrate that Ca repletion with either Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales or CaCO₃ is similarly effective in the improvement of bone turnover markers and BMD, suggesting the usefulness of Tilapia mossambica scales in the prevention of bone loss compared with CaCO₃.

Keywords: bone mineral density, bone metabolic biomarkers, Ca-depletion, Ca-repletion

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Bone mineral density of femur. Bars having different letter are significantly different by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05. LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales).

Table 1

Composition of experimental diet (g)

LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃), AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃).

AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales).

1) Mineral Mixture provided the followimg (mg/kg diet): CaCO₃, 12495; K₂HPO₄, 6860; C₆H₅O₇K₃·H₂O, 2477; NaCl, 2590; K₂SO₄, 1631; MgO, 840; C₆H₅O₇Fe, U.S.P., 212.1; ZnCO₃, 57.75; MnCO₃, 22.05; CuCO₃, 10.5; KIO3, 0.35; Na₂SeO₄, 0.359; (NH₄)₂MoO₄·H₂O, 0.278; Na₂O₃Si·9H₂O, 50.75; CrK (SO₄)₂·12H₂O, 9.625; LiCl, 0.609; H₃BO₃, 2.853; NaF, 2.223; NiCO₃, 1.113; and NH₄VO₄ 0.231.

2) Vitamin Mixture provided the followimg (mg/kg diet): thiamin HCl, 6; riboflavin, 6; pyridoxine HCl, 16; niacin, 30; calcium pantothenate, 16; folic acid, 2; biotin, 0.2; cyanocobalamin (B₁₂ 0.1%), 25; vitamin A palmitate (500,000 IU/g), 8; vitamin E acetate (500 IU/g), 150; vitamin D₃, 2.5; and vitamin K1, 0.75.

Table 2

Body weight, body weight gain and feed efficiency rate (FER)

Values are mean ± SD

Values within column having different superscript are significantly different by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05. NS: not significant

LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales). FER: feed efficiency ratio

Table 3

Bone metabolic biomarkers in serum and urine

Values are mean ± SD

Values within column having different superscript are significantly different by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05. NS: not significant

LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales). PTH: parathyroid hormone. ALP: alkaline phosphatase. DPD: deoxypyridinoline

Table 4

Wet and dry weight of femur

Values are mean ± SD

Values within column having different superscript are significantly different by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05

LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃) AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales)

Table 5

Ash and Ca content of femur

Values are mean ± SD

Values within column having different superscript are significantly different by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at α = 0.05

LoCa: 0.15% Ca diet (CaCO₃). AdCa: 0.5% Ca diet (CaCO₃) AdFa: 0.5% Ca diet (Ca source from Tilapia mossambica scales)

Notes

This work was supported by Dong-Eui University Grant (2008 AA134).

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