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Kang and Choue: Relationships of Body Image, Body Stress and Eating Attitude, and Dietary Quality in Middle School Girls Based on Their BMI
Research Article
Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2010; 43(3): 285-293.

Published online: 30 June 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.3.285

Relationships of Body Image, Body Stress and Eating Attitude, and Dietary Quality in Middle School Girls Based on Their BMI

Mi Hee Kang1, Ryowon Choue1, 2

1Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.

2Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (rwcho@khu.ac.kr)

Received 12 February 2010       Revised 9 April 2010       Accepted 23 May 2010

© 2010 The Korean Nutrition Society

Abstract

This study investigated the body image, body stress, eating attitude, and dietary quality in middle school girls. Questionnaires were administered to one hundred fifty seven middle school girls in Seoul area. The subjects were categorized into the five groups according to their body mass index (BMI); 1) severely under-weight (BMI < 16.5 kg/m2), 2) under-weight (16.5 ≤ BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 3) normal weight (18.5 ≤ BM I < 23.0 kg/m2), 4) overweight (23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0 kg/m2), and 5) obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). 7.0%, 14.6%, 58.9%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of the subjects were classified as severely under-weight, under-weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Regardless of the BMI, the subjects had disturbed body image, body stress, and poor eating attitude. The actual BMIs of the normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were significantly different from their desired BMI and perceived BMI, representing these subjects dissatisfied their body shape. Almost all subjects tried to lose their body weight even in the severely under-weight and under-weight groups. There were significant correlations of BMI with body image disturbance (p < 0.05), body stress (p < 0.01) and eating attitude (p < 0.05). These results indicated that middle school girls who have higher BMI seemed to have more body image distortion, body stress and risk of eating disorder. However, any significant difference in dietary quality among the five groups was not observed even though their dietary patterns were not balanced. As a conclusion, it is required that middle school girls should correct their distorted body image and body stress. Also, efforts to improve eating attitude, dietary pattern and nutritional status in the middle school girls are needed.

Keywords: body image, body stress, eating attitude, dietary quality, middle school girls

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Proportions of the subjects not consuming specific food group.
*: Significantly different among the groups at, *: p < 0.001 by χ2-test.
kjn-43-285-g001
Table 1
Mean ages and anthropometric measurements of the subjects according to their BMI (kg/m2)
kjn-43-285-i001

1) Values are mean ± SD.

Means with different alphabetic letters within a raw are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test after ANOVA at *: p < 0.01, **: p < 0.001.

2) BMI: Body mass index (kg/m2), 3) LBM: Lean body mass

4) Desired BMI: Calculated BMI of the self reported desired height and weight.

5) Perceived BMI: Converted BMI of the self perceived current figure rating.

Table 2
Characteristics of the weight management according to the subjects' BMI (kg/m2) ([%])
kjn-43-285-i002

*: Significantly different among the groups at, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 by χ2-test

1) Body mass index (kg/m2)

Table 3
Average scores of BIDQ, BAQ, EAT, and food behavior of the subjects according to their BMI (kg/m2)
kjn-43-285-i003

1) Values are mean ± SD.

Means with different letters within a raw are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test after ANOVA at *: p < 0.01

2) Body mass index (kg/m2)

3) BIDQ: Body image disturbance questionnaire: The higher score represents the higher degree of negative body image.

4) BAQ: Body attitude questionnaire: The higher score represents the higher degree of body (obese) stress.

5) EAT: Eating attitude test: The higher score represents the higher degree of eating disorder.

6) Food behavior: The higher score represents the negative food behavior.

Table 4
Correlations among the BMI, BIDQ, BAQ, EAT and Food behaviors
kjn-43-285-i004

*: Significant correlation between two variables at, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01.

1) BMI: Body mass index (kg/m2)

2) Body image was evaluated by the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire.

3) Body stress was evaluated by the Body Attitude Questionnaire.

4) Eating attitude was evaluated by the Eating Attitude Test.

5) Food behavior was evaluated by the regularity of meals, speed of eating and frequency of overeating and snacking.

Table 5
Dietary quality of the subjects according to their BMI (kg/m2)
kjn-43-285-i005

All values are not significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test after ANOVA.

1) Values are mean ± SD, 2) Body mass index (kg/m2), 3) DDS: Dietary diversity score, 4) MAR: Mean adequacy ratio

5) DQI: Dietary quality index scores are summed across the eight recommendations to develop a diet quality from 0 (excellent diet) to 16 (poor diet)

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