The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women (2) - Relationship between Participation Rates and Effectiveness of Obesity Management Program -

Hee Seung Lee; Ji Won Lee; Ji-Myung Kim; Namsoo Chang

doi:10.4163/kjn.2010.43.3.260

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Lee, Lee, Kim, and Chang: The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women (2) - Relationship between Participation Rates and Effectiveness of Obesity Management Program -

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2010; 43(3): 260-272.

Published online: 30 June 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.3.260

The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women (2) - Relationship between Participation Rates and Effectiveness of Obesity Management Program -

Hee Seung Lee¹, Ji Won Lee¹, Ji-Myung Kim², Namsoo Chang¹

¹Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hanbuk University, Dongducheon 483-120, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (nschang@ewha.ac.kr)

Received 29 January 2010 Revised 24 February 2010 Accepted 5 June 2010

Abstract

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects??outcomes after a nutrition education (once/ week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₆, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin B₁, Vitamin B₂, Vitamin B₆ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

Keywords: weight control program, participation, dietary intakes, physical fitness, obese women

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects

1) Chi-square test between the two groups, 2) Values are mean ± SD, 3) NS: Not significant by Student t-test (p < 0.05)

4) Values are expressed as frequency (percentage), 5) Significantly different between two groups by student's t-test (p < 0.001)

Table 2

Change of anthropometric parameters according to frequency of participation

1) Values are mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^***: p < 0.001)

3) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group; adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI (^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001)

Table 3

Change of nutrient intakes according to frequency of participation

1) Values are mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

3) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group ; adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI (^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001)

Table 4

Change of nutrient density1) according to frequency of participation

1) Intake adjusted for 1,000 kcal of energy

2) Values are mean ± SD

3) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

4) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group; adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI (^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001)

Table 5

Change of daily food intakes by food groups of the subjects according to frequency of participation

1) Values are mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

Table 6

Change of blood pressure and serum profiles according to frequency of participation

1) SBP: Systolic blood pressure, 2) DBP: Diastolic blood pressure

3) AI: Atherogenic index (Total cholesterol-HDL-cholesterol)/HDL-cholesterol, 4) Values are mean ± SD

5) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

6) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group; adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI (^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001)

Table 7

Change of physical fitness according to frequency of participation

1) Values are mean ± SD

2) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

Table 8

Change of dietary behavior scores according to frequency of participation1)

1) Adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI, 2) Values are mean ± SD

3) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group at 12 weeks (^†: p < 0.05)

4) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

Table 9

Change of stress scores according to frequency of participation1)

1) Adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement, baseline BMI, 2) Values are mean ± SD

3) Significantly different between baseline and final by wilcoxon signed rank test (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

4) Significantly different by GLM univariate model test between high participators group and low participators group at 12 weeks (^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001)

Table 10

Spearman's correlation coefficients between frequency of participation and changes1) in nutrient density, anthropometric parameters, serum lipid profiles and physical fitness

1) change, %: [(Final-baseline)/baseline×100]

2) Spearman's correlation coefficient ^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

3) Significant different by partial correlation analysis after adjusting for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use, baseline BMI ^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001

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