Hye Jin Lee; Yoo Kyoung Park; Myung-Hee Kang

doi:10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.750

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Lee, Park, and Kang: The Effect of Carrot Juice, β-carotene Supplementation on Plasma Antioxidant Status of Korean Smokers

Original Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(8): 750-758.

Published online: 31 December 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.750

The Effect of Carrot Juice, β-carotene Supplementation on Plasma Antioxidant Status of Korean Smokers

Hye Jin Lee¹, Yoo Kyoung Park^2,³, Myung-Hee Kang¹

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science & Nano Technology, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.

²Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.

³Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-791, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (mhkang@hnu.ac.kr)

Received 13 November 2009 Revised 30 November 2009 Accepted 5 December 2009

Abstract

Smoking is associated with an increased incidence of numerous cancers and other degenerative diseases. It has been suggested that high consumption of fruits and vegetables may give some protection. Especially carrot is the most important source of dietary β-carotene. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether carrot juice supplementation to smokers have different or superior effect of compared to the effect supplementing purified β-carotene. The study was conducted in a randomized and placebo-controlled design, after a depletion period of 14 days, 48 smokers were supplemented either carrot juice (n = 18), purified β-carotene (n = 16) or placebo (n = 14). Each group was supplemented for 8 weeks with approximately 20.49 mg of β-carotene/day and 1.2 mg of vitamin C/day, as carrot juice (300 mL/day) or purified β-carotene (1 capsule/day). Plasma vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene level were significantly increased after carrot juice and β-carotene supplementation. These results suggest that carrot juice containing β-carotene or β-carotene itself have similar antioxidative potentials by increasing the antioxidant potential in smokers. Therefore, we suggest moderate dose of vitamin supplementation (amount of two servings of vegetable intake) may help to replenish the decreased oxidative stress levels in smokers.

Keywords: carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation, antioxidant status, smokers

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Plasma vitamin C levels of 0,4 and 8 weeks after supplementation. Significantly different from week 0 and week 8, ^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01.

Fig. 2

Plasma α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol of 0,4 and 8 weeks after supplementation. Significantly different from week 0 and week 8, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001. Values within each row not sharing a common superscript letter are statistically different at p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA and the DUNCAN post-hoc test).

Fig. 3

Plasma α-carotene and β-carotene of 0,4 and 8 weeks after supplementation. Significantly different from week 0 and week 8, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001. Values within each row not sharing a common superscript letter are statistically different at p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA and the DUNCAN post-hoc test).

Table 1

The content of nutrient in carrot juice

Table 2

HPLC apparatus and conditions for tocopherols, carotenoids

Table 3

Anthropometric indices of the subjects

All values are means ± S.E.

1) SBP: systolic blood pressure

2) DBP: diastolic blood pressure

3) Pack-years = (Cigarettes smoked/day × years smoked)/20

4) One drink is a dose of alcoholic beverage that delivers half ounce of pure alcohol (1 drink = 8-12 oz of beer 1 oz of hard liquor)

Table 4

Daily intake of nutrients at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after carrot juice, β-carotene and placebo supplementation

All values are means ± S.E.

Values are not significantly different at 0, 4 and 8 weeks among groups and within groups

Notes

This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare technology R & D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (02-PJ1-PG3-22003-0008).

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