Effect of Dietary Intake of Ultra-fine or Nano-Scale Pulverized Cornstarch on the Growing Performance and Gut Function in Rats

Hye-Sung Lee; Danim Ju; Boram Kim; Sun-Hee Kim; Myung Ryun Han; Myung Hwan Kim; Moon-Jeong Chang

doi:10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.740

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Lee, Ju, Kim, Kim, Han, Kim, and Chang: Effect of Dietary Intake of Ultra-fine or Nano-Scale Pulverized Cornstarch on the Growing Performance and Gut Function in Rats

Original Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(8): 740-749.

Published online: 31 December 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.740

Effect of Dietary Intake of Ultra-fine or Nano-Scale Pulverized Cornstarch on the Growing Performance and Gut Function in Rats

Hye-Sung Lee¹, Danim Ju¹, Boram Kim¹, Sun-Hee Kim¹, Myung Ryun Han², Myung Hwan Kim³, Moon-Jeong Chang¹

¹Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Hyejeon College, Hongseong 350-702, Korea.

³Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (cmoon@kookmin.ac.kr)

Received 20 November 2009 Revised 30 November 2009 Accepted 5 December 2009

Abstract

The objectives of this study was to determine whether a new physically modified cornstarch by ultra-fine- or nanoscale pulverizer to reduce particle size offers better bioactive function than native cornstarch in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Male weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing native cornstarch (NAC), ultra fine pulverized cornstarch (UFC) or nano-scale pulverized cornstarch (NSC) for 4 weeks. In vitro rate of starch hydrolysis, growth performance, organ weight, intestine length intestinal proliferation and the fermentation by Bifidobacterium of rat cecum were evaluated. The diet with reduced particle size (UFC or NSC) significantly increased body weight gain and organ weight. Feed efficiency was increased in NSC fed rats and was not affected in UFC fed rats. Intestinal proliferation was decreased in NSC group. Reduction of particle size also increased cecal short chain fatty acid concentration and the growth and acidifying activity of Bifidobacterium. It is concluded that a reduction of particle size of starch granules by physically modification may increase growing performance and gut function.

Keywords: cornstarch, ultra-fine pulverization, nano-scale pulverization, growing performance, gut function

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

In vitro digestibility of native cornstarch, ultra-fine pulverized and nano-scale pulverized cornstarch. NAC: native cornstarch; UFC: ultra-fine pulverized starch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch. Data are means and bars indicate SD. Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2

Intestinal morphology. A: Duodenal mucosa of a NAC fed rat. B: Duodenal mucosa of a UFC fed rat. C: Duodenal mucosa of a NSC fed rat (decrease in stained cell number), Original magnification, ×100.

Table 1

Composition of experimental diets (g/kg diet)

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Mineral mixture: AIN-93G mineral mixture (g/kg mix) Calcium carbonate, anhydrous 357.00: Potassium phosphate, monobasic 196.00: potassium citrate, tri-potassium, monohydrate 70.78: Sodium chloride 74.00: potassium sulfate 46.60: Magnesium oxide 24.00: ferric citrate 6.06: Zinc carbonate 1.65: manganous carbonate 0.63: Cupric carbonate 0.30: Potassium iodate 0.01: Sodium selenate, anhydrous 0.01025: Ammonium paramolybdate, 4 hydrate 0.00795: Sodium meta-silicate, 9 hydrate 1.45: Chromium potassium sulfate, 12 hydrate 0.275: Lithium chloride 0.0174: Boric acid 0.0815; Sodium fluoride 0.0635: Nickel Carbonate 0.0318: Ammonium vanadate 0.0066: Powdered sucrose 221.026

3) Vitamin mixture: AIN 93G Vitamin mixture (g/kg mix) nicotinic acid 3.000: Ca panthothenate 1.600: Pyridoxine-HCl 0.700: Thiamin-HCl 0.600: Riboflavin 0.600: Folic acid 0.200: D-Biotin 0.020: Vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) 2.500: Vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate, 500 IU/g) 15.000: Vitamin A (all-trans-retinyl palmitate, 500,000 IU/g) 0.800: Vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol, 400,000 IU/g) 0.250: Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 0.075: Powdered sucrose 974.655

Table 2

Composition of BS agar medium

Table 3

Total Food intake, initial and final body weight, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio (FER) for 4 weeks

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized corn starch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

3) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

4) ns: not significant

Table 4

The weights, DNA and protein contents of organ

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) P/D ratio: Protein/DNA

3) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

4) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

5) ns: not significant

Table 5

Small intestine weight, small intestine length and cecum content

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

3) ns: not significant

4) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 6

Proliferation of small intestines

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

3) ns: not significent

4) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 7

Short chain fatty acid profile in cecum

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

3) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 8

Growth of Bifidobacterium in cecum contents

1) NAC: cornstarch control, UFC: ultra-fine pulverized cornstarch, NSC: nano-scale pulverized cornstarch

2) Values are means ± SD (n = 7)

3) Values with different superscripts are significantly different as assessed by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Notes

This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (R01-2006-000-10857-0).

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