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Joung, Yoon, Choi, Shin, Choi, Kwon, and Chang: Application of Dietary Reference Intakes for Codex Nutrient Reference Values
Original Article
Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(4): 366-373.

Published online: 30 June 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.4.366

Application of Dietary Reference Intakes for Codex Nutrient Reference Values

Hyojee Joung1, Jin-Sook Yoon2, Seul Ki Choi1, Sangah Shin1, Young-Sun Choi3, Oran Kwon4, Namsoo Chang4

1Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.

2Department of Food & Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea.

3Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea.

4Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Ewha Womens University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (hjjoung@snu.ac.kr)

Received 12 February 2009       Revised 14 April 2009       Accepted 13 May 2009

© 2009 The Korean Nutrition Society

Abstract

Codex Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were based on the 1988 Helsinki report and a single set of NRVs was established for the general population over 3 years for the purpose of food labeling in 1993. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) with new concepts were developed in many countries recently. Hence there has been broad discussion regarding establishment of new NRVs using DRIs, which include estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended intake (RI or RDA), adequate intake (AI), and tolerable upper intake level (UL) in the world. This study was carried out to review various possible values for Codex NRVs such as population-weighted EAR, population-weighted RDA, and population-based RDA. The values were simulated using DRIs and population distribution of Korea, USA, Japan, Philippines, Germany and England, and compared to the current Codex values and the highest RDA and the lowest UL among populations with different life-stage. Since population weighted/based values are necessary to be updated according to the population changes and are different across countries, inconsistency can be a serious barrier in international transactions. For some of nutrients such as vitamin A and zinc, values based on population-based RDA or the highest RDA were higher than the lowest UL. Therefore, careful considerations should be given before establishing Codex NRVs.

Keywords: Codex NRVs, population weight/based DRIs

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Calculation process of population weighted/based DRI values
kjn-42-366-i001
Table 2
Dietary Reference Intakes Used by Various Countries and Groups
kjn-42-366-i002

*Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam

EAR: estimated average requirement, RI: recommended intake, AI: adequate intake, RDA: recommended dietary allowance, RNI: reference nutrient intake

Table 3
Calculations of population weighted values for NRVs using DRIs for Korean and the Korean population
kjn-42-366-i003

*The highest RDA and the lowest UL among life-stage groups of populations with age≧4 years

Table 4
Calculated available DRIs for protein and vitamin A NRVs using their DRIs and populations
kjn-42-366-i004

*The highest RDA and the lowest UL among life-stage groups of populations with age≧4 years

Table 5
Calculated DRIs for Korean using foreign populations
kjn-42-366-i005

Notes

This research was supported by grants from Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA2007-9214)

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