Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in OVX Rats

Mi-Ja Choi

doi:10.4163/kjn.2009.42.4.309

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Choi: Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in OVX Rats

Original Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(4): 309-317.

Published online: 30 June 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.4.309

Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in OVX Rats

Mi-Ja Choi

Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (choimj@kmu.ac.kr)

Received 6 April 2009 Revised 15 April 2009 Accepted 10 June 2009

Abstract

As far as we know, there were no studies of the effect of L-arginine on bone metabolism in post-menopausal women or ovariectomized rats. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether arginine supplementation was associated with alterations in femoral and spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, Ovx and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and arginine supplemented diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. The plasma was analyzed for arginine. Diet did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, and plasma arginine concentration. Urinary Ca excretion was decreased by arginine supplementation in Ovx rats, but statistically not significant. The Ovx rats fed arginine-supplemented diet were not significantly different in ALP, osteocalcin, crosslinks value, PTH, calcitonin and IGF-1 compared to those fed control diet. The arginine-supplemented group had significantly higher serum Ca and growth hormone than control group. Spine and femur BMD were significantly increased by arginine supplementation on 5th and 9th weeks after feeding. Our findings indicate that dietary L-arginine supplementation decreased bone mineral density loss in Ovx rats. Therefore, dietary arginine supplementation may represent a potentially useful strategy for the management of osteoporosis.

Keywords: arginine, BMD, GH, IGF-1, PTH, bone markers, ovariectomized rat

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Composition of experimental diets (g/100 g of diet)

1) Casein, Maeil Dairy Industry Co. Ltd. 480 Gagok-Ri, Jinwi- Myun, Pyung taek-city, Kyunggi-Do, Korea

2) AIN-93G-MX, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, Wisconsin, USA

3) AIN-93G-VM, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, Wisconsin, USA

4) L-Arginine: Sigma A8094, Japan

Calorie % of diet-carbohydrate : protein : fat = 64 : 19 : 17

Table 2

Body weight change and food intake of experimental rats

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 3

Serum calcium and phosphorus of rats fed experimental diets

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 4

Effect of arginine supplementation on urinary calcium and phosphate excretion in Ovx rats

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 5

Effect of arginine supplementation on plasma arginine concentration in Ovx rats

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 6

Serum ALP and osteocalcin of rats fed experimental diets

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test ALP: alkaline phosphatase

Table 7

Creatinine, DPD and crosslink value of rats fed experimental diets

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test DPD: deoxypyridinoline

Table 8

The effect of arginine on parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in Ovx rats

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

Table 9

The concentrations of GH and IGF-1 of rats fed experimental diets

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test GH: growth hormone, IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1

Table 10

Effect of arginine supplementation on spine and femur BMD and BMC of rats fed experimental diets at 5 week

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test BMD: bone mineral density, BMC: bone mineral content

Table 11

Spine and femur BMD and BMC of rats fed experimental diets at 9 week

1) Mean ± SD

2) Value with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test BMD: bone mineral density, BMC: bone mineral content

Notes

The present research has been conducted by the Bisa Research Grant of Keimyung University in 2006.

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