Composition of Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activity from Juice of Jeju Native Citrus Fruits during Maturation

Yong Dug Kim; Weon Jun Ko; Kyung Soo Koh; You Jin Jeon; Soo Hyun Kim

doi:10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.278

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Kim, Ko, Koh, Jeon, and Kim: Composition of Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activity from Juice of Jeju Native Citrus Fruits during Maturation

Original Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(3): 278-290.

Published online: 30 April 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.278

Composition of Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activity from Juice of Jeju Native Citrus Fruits during Maturation

Yong Dug Kim¹, Weon Jun Ko¹, Kyung Soo Koh¹, You Jin Jeon², Soo Hyun Kim³

¹Research and Development Center, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Development Corp., Jeju 690-961, Korea.

²Faculty of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.

³Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (kshyun@cheju.ac.kr)

Received 24 March 2009 Revised 9 April 2009 Accepted 13 April 2009

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the changes of flavonoid contents and antioxidants activity of Jeju native citrus fruits juice according to the harvest date. Flavonoids such as quercatagetin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were contained most plentifully in the juice of Jigak (Citrus aur- antium) by 573.73 mg/100 mL, Sadoogam (C. pseudogulgul) by 393.99 mg/100 mL, Soyooja by 29.63 mg/100 mL and Jigak (C. aurantium) by 201.23 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. The highest contents of nob-iletin, sinensetin and tangeretin among polymethoxyflavones were found in the juice of Hongkyool (C. tachibana) by 7.39 mg/100 mL, 2.24 mg/100 mL, 0.63 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamet-hoxyflavone recorded the highest amount in Punkyool (C. tangerina) by 0.27 mg/100 mL in the late August, but the other polymethoxyflavones including 3',4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone, 4'-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone, scutellarein tetramethylether were observed only trace amount in all the citrus fruits. Flavonoid contents in the citrus fruit juices were the highest during early maturation and decreased rapidly while ripening. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in the late August and decreased with ripening. However from the late December, the contents were increased again. Antioxidant activities of the fruits were evaluated as electron donating ability and were the lowest in the late September and increased with the fruit ripening. These results suggest that quercetagetin among all the flavonoids was most plentiful in Jigak and Dangyooja (C. grandis), so that the fruits could be used for industrial material of flavonoids and antioxidant agents.

Keywords: citrus, flavonoid, nobiletin, tangeretin, antioxidative activity

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

HPLC chromatogram of standard flavonoids. Retention time (min): narirutin, 13.5; quercetagetin, 16.3; hesperidin, 17.9; neohes-peridin, 20.0; sinensetin, 30.7; 3',4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 32.4; 3',4'-dimethoxy- flavone, 38.9; 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone, 41.3; nobiletin, 46.2; scutellarein tetramethylether, 48.2; 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, 56.1; 4'-methoxyflav-one, 59.1; tangeretin, 68.0. Detector wavelength: 280 nm.

Fig. 2

Changes of total polyphenolic contents from Jeju native citrus juice according to harvest date. The data represent the mean±SD of three determi- nation.

Table 1

Sampling place and time of citrus fruits

¹⁾Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Agricultural Research and extension Services

²⁾No sampling

³⁾National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture

Table 2

Operation conditions of HPLC for flavonoids analysis

Table 3

Changes of flavonoid contents of Jeju native citrus juice according to harvest date (unit: mg/100 mL)

Each mean was calculated from values of three experiments

¹⁾QCT, quercetagetin; ³⁾NAT, narirutin; ⁴⁾HES, hesperidin; ⁶⁾⁾NEH, neohesperidin; ⁶⁾SIN, sinensetin; ⁷⁾TEM, 3',4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone; ⁸⁾DIM, 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone; ⁹⁾HEX, 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone; ¹⁰⁾NOB, nobiletin; ¹¹⁾SCU, scutellarein tetramethylether; ¹²⁾HMT, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone; ¹³⁾MET, 4'-methoxyflavone; ¹⁴⁾TAN, tangeretin

²⁾RSD: relative standard deviation(%).¹⁵⁾ND: Not detected

Notes

This work was supported by Education program for environment favorable agriculture & subtropical bio-industry.

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