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Moon, Kim, and Kim: Dietary Intake Assessment by the Number of Chronic Diseases and the Season for Elderly Living in Rural Area
Original Article
Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(3): 221-233.

Published online: 30 April 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.221

Dietary Intake Assessment by the Number of Chronic Diseases and the Season for Elderly Living in Rural Area

Hyun-Kyung Moon, Jung Eun Kim, Eun Hae Kim

Department of Nutrition Education Graduate school of Education, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (moonhk52@dankook.ac.kr)

Received 12 January 2009       Revised 20 February 2009       Accepted 3 April 2009

© 2009 The Korean Nutrition Society

Abstract

Korea's aging population has been remarkably increased. They want to have not only extension of life expectancy but also improving quality of life. To maintain the quality of life, it is essential to have good nutrition. However, nutritional status of elderly in Korea has problems qualitatively and quantitatively. Risk factors for poor nutrition are advanced age, woman, living alone and low economic status. Another risk factor in rural area is season because seasonal changes can affect food intake of elderly. Thus this study surveyed the health status and dietary intakes of elderly by season in rural area. In this study, the elderly were grouped as group 1 {elderly who have one risk factor for chronic diseases (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes)} and group 2 (elderly who have more than 2 risk factors). Can-Pro 3.0 was used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Obesity had the highest percentage 62%, followed by hypertension 59.5%, dyslipidemia 21.5% and diabetes 11.6%. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were high in winter and WHR, diabetes and anemia were high in summer. Mean intakes of energy and nutrients were less than RI. Nutrients which were changed most by season were vitamin A and Vitamin C. Intakes of calcium and folic acid were less than recommended in summer. The ratio of CPF for carbohydrate was higher and fat was lower than recommended. In conclusion, the nutrient intake of Group 2 was better in quality but Group 1 was better in quantity. Nutrient intakes were poor in summer. In rural area, more careful nutritional assesment and management are needed for aged population, especially in summer.

Keywords: chronic disease risk factor, dietary intake, season, elderly in rural area

Figures and Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of the subjects by the number of chronic diseases (N (%))
kjn-42-221-i001

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 2
Percent of subject with chronic diseases N (%)
kjn-42-221-i002

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 3
Energy and Nutrient intakes of subjects by the number of chronic disease and season
kjn-42-221-i003

Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test between summer and winter

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 4
Evaluation of energy intake using EER by the number of chronic diseases and season (N (%))
kjn-42-221-i004

***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test between summer and winter

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

2)EER: estimated energy requirements

Table 5
Evaluation of nutrient intake using DRI by the number of chronic diseases and season (%)
kjn-42-221-i005

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test between summer and winter

+: p < 0.05 by χ2-test between group1 and group2

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

2)DRI: dietary reference intakes

Table 6
Percent of Energy intake from macronutrient by the number of chronic disease and season (g/day/person)
kjn-42-221-i006

1)Mean ± SD

2)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 7
Evaluation of percent of energy intake from macronutrient by the number of chronic diseases and season (%)
kjn-42-221-i007

**: p < 0.01 by χ2-test between summer and winter

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 8
Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the subjects by the nmuber of chronic disease and season
kjn-42-221-i008

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 by paired t-test between summer and winter

1)Mean ± SD

2)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 9
Index of nutritional quality (INQ) of the subjects by the number of chronic disease and season
kjn-42-221-i009

*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test between summer and winter

1)Mean ± SD

2)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 10
Quantity of food group intake by the number of chronic diseases and season (g/day/person)
kjn-42-221-i010

*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test between summer and winter

1)Mean ± SD

2)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Table 11
Evaluation of food group intake pattern (GMFVD2)) by the number of chronic diseases and season
kjn-42-221-i011

**: p < 0.01 by χ2-test between summer and winter

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

2)GMFVD: Grain, Meat, Fruit, Vegetable, Dairy product

Table 12
Dietary diversity score (DDS) by the number of chronic disease and season (N(%))
kjn-42-221-i012

1)Group 1: having 0 or 1 chronic disease, Group 2: having more than 2 chronic disease

Notes

This research was supported by grants from Rural Development of Agriculture.

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