Effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength and mode of failure of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to different porcelain restorations

Sang-Wook Kang; Woo-Sung Son; Soo-Byung Park; Seong-Sik Kim

doi:10.4041/kjod.2009.39.4.225

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Kang, Son, Park, and Kim: Effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength and mode of failure of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to different porcelain restorations

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2009; 39(4): 225-233.

Published online: 31 August 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2009.39.4.225

Effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength and mode of failure of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to different porcelain restorations

Sang-Wook Kang, DDS, MSD^a, Woo-Sung Son, DDS, MSD, PhD^b, Soo-Byung Park, DDS, MSD, PhD^b, Seong-Sik Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^c

^aResident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^bProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^cAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Woo-Sung Son. Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Hospital, 305, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 623-739, Korea. +82 51 240 7445; wsson@pusan.ac.kr

Received 29 January 2009 Revised 25 May 2009 Accepted 30 May 2009

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thermocycling and type of porcelain restoration on shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure of monocrystalline ceramic brackets.

Methods

A total of 60 porcelain discs were made and divided into three equal groups as follows: Ceramco 3, IPS Empress II, Zi-ceram/Vintage ZR. ceramic brackets were bonded to the prepared porcelain surfaces in the same manner. Each group was divided randomly into two subgroups: thermocycled group and non-thermocycled group (control). All samples were tested in shear mode on an universal testing machine.

Results

SBS of the non-thermocycled group was clinically acceptable (Ceramco 3: 7.06 ± 1.76 MPa, IPS Empress II: 7.55 ± 2.38 MPa, Zi-ceram/Vintage ZR: 7.19 ± 1.38 MPa). But, SBS of the thermocycled group was significantly reduced (Ceramco 3: 4.88 ± 1.00 MPa, IPS Empress II: 5.46 ± 1.35 MPa, Zi-ceram/Vintage ZR: 4.84 ± 1.01 MPa, p < 0.05). There was no difference between the shear bond strength by type of porcelain restoration. All bonding failure occurred between bracket base and adhesive, except for 2 samples.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the type of porcelain restoration did not affect SBS, but thermocycling weakened SBS. Therefore, the effect of thermocycling should be considered when using ceramic brackets in practice.

Keywords: Thermocycling, Ceramic bracket, Shear bond strength

Figures and Tables

Fig 1

SEM photomicrograph of ceramic bracket base before bonding (magnification × 30). Silica particles can be seen.

Fig 2

Application of shear debonding force.

Fig 3

Shear bonding strength was significantly reduced in the thermocycled group.

Fig 4

SEM photograph of failure site (magnification × 30). A, Silica particles were removed from the bracket base; B, the rest of the adhesive can be seen attached to the porcelain surface.

Fig 5

SEM photograph of porcelain disc (magnification × 1,000). A, D, G, Glazed porcelain surface; B, E, H, airborne-particle abrasion with 50 µm Al₂O₃; C, F, I, surface etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 2 min (Ceramco 3: A, B, C, Empress II: D, E, F, Zi-ceram/Vintage ZR: G, H, I).

Table 1

Decrease of shear bond strength after thermocycling

SD, standard deviation; ^*p < 0.05 (independent t-test).

Table 2

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of reciprocal action between porcelain and thermocycling

NS, not significant; ^*p < 0.05.

Table 3

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of shear bond strength in the thermocycled group

SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant.

Table 4

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of shear bond strength in the non-thermocycled group

NS, not significant.

Table 5

Modified adhesive remnant index scores for the groups tested

T, thermocycled; NT, non thermocycled; NS, not significant. χ² = 4.138.

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