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Kim, Wang, and Kim: Measurement of Energy Expenditure Through Treadmill-based Walking and Self-selected Hallway Walking of College Students - Using Indirect Calorimeter and Accelerometer
Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2016; 21(6): 520-532.

Published online: 31 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.520

Measurement of Energy Expenditure Through Treadmill-based Walking and Self-selected Hallway Walking of College Students - Using Indirect Calorimeter and Accelerometer

Ye-Jin Kim, Cui-Sang Wang, Eun-Kyung Kim

Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea.

Corresponding author: Eun-Kyung Kim. Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon - gil, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25457, Koera. Tel: (033) 640-2336, Fax: (033) 640-2330, ekkim@gwnu.ac.kr

Received 29 November 2016       Revised 16 December 2016       Accepted 19 December 2016

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess energy expenditure and metabolic cost (METs) of walking activities of college students and to compare treadmill based walking with self-selected hallway walking.

Methods

Thirty subjects (mean age 23.4 ± 1.6 years) completed eight walking activities. Five treadmill walking activities (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, TW5.6) were followed by three self-selected hallway walking activities, namely, walk as if you were walking and talking with a friend: HWL (leisurely), walk as if you were hurrying across the street at a cross-walk: HWB (brisk) and walk as fast as you can but do not run: HWF (fast) were performed by each subject. Energy expenditure was measured using a portable metabolic system and accelerometers.

Results

Except for HWF (fast) activity, energy expenditures of all other walking activities measured were higher in male than in female subjects. The lowest energy expenditure and METs were observed in TW2.4 (3.65 ± 0.84 kcal/min and 2.88 ± 0.26 METs in male), HWL (leisurely) (2.85 ± 0.70 kcal/min and 3.20 ± 0.57 METs in female), and the highest rates were observed in HWF (fast) (7.72 ± 2.81 kcal/min, 5.84 ± 1.84 METs in male, 6.65 ± 1.57 kcal/min, 7.13 ± 0.68 METs in female). Regarding the comparison of treadmill-based walking activities and self-selected walking, the energy expenditure of HWL (leisurely) was not significantly different from that of TW2.4. In case of male, no significant difference was observed between energy costs of HWB (brisk), HWF (fast) and TW5.6 activities, whereas in female, energy expenditures during HWB (brisk) and HWF (fast) were significantly different from that of TW5.6.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed that energy expenditure from self-selected walking activities of college students was comparable with treadmill-based activities at specific speeds. Our results suggested that a practicing leisurely or brisk walking for a minimum of 150 minutes per week by both male and female college students enable them to meet recommendations from the Physical activity guide for Koreans.

Keywords: physical activity, treadmill walking, self-selected walking, energy expenditure

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Assessment of predicted METs by accelerometer based on bias

Bias : [(predicted METs by accelerometer - measured METs by indirect calorimeter) / measured METs by indirect calorimeter] × 100
kjcn-21-520-g001
Fig. 2

Comparison of energy expenditure of treadmill walking and self-selected hallway walking

*: p < 0.05, Significantly different between walking activities by One way repeated measures ANOVA
kjcn-21-520-g002
Table 1

Descriptions of 8 walking activities

kjcn-21-520-i001

1) TW: treadmill walking

2) HWL: hallway walking leisurely

3) HWB: hallway walking brisk

4) HWF: hallway walking fast

Table 2

Anthropometric measurements of subjects

kjcn-21-520-i002

1) Mean±SD

2) Weight (kg) / [Height (m)]2

3) Measured by Inbody 720

4) Weight (kg) − Fat mass (kg)

*: p < 0.05, Significantly different between male and female by Mann-Whitney test

Table 3

Energy costs of walking activities measured by indirect calorimeter

kjcn-21-520-i003

1) VO2: Volume of oxygen consumption

2) EE: Energy expenditure

3) METs: Metabolic equivalents

4) Compendium of physical activities: METs intensities (Ainsworth BE et al 2000) Low: <3.0 METs, Moderate: 3.0 − 6.0 METs, Vigorous: >6.0 METs

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, significantly different between male and female by Mann-Whitney u test

Table 4

VM (vector magnitude) and METs of walking activities measured by accelerometer

kjcn-21-520-i004

1) CPM: Counts per minute

2) EE: Energy expenditure

3) METs: Metabolic equivalents

4) Compendium of physical activities : METs intensities (Ainsworth BE et al 2000) Low: <3.0 METs, Moderate: 3.0 − 6 METs, Vigorous: >6.0 METs

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, significantly different between male and female by Mann-Whitney test

Table 5

Comparison of energy expenditure by indirect calorimeter and accelerometer

kjcn-21-520-i005

1) Mean±SD

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, significantly different between indirect calorimeter and accelerometer by paired t-test

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between energy expenditures measured by indirect calorimeter and accelerometer

kjcn-21-520-i006

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, significant correlation at by correlation

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ORCID iDs

Eun-Kyung Kim
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-7586

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