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Hong, Kim, Kwon, Chang, Kim, and Chang: Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students
Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2015; 20(5): 375-382.

Published online: 31 October 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.375

Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students

Yang Hee Hong1, Young Suk Kim2, Hyun Jung Kwon3, Do Seok Chang4, Dong Geon Kim4, Un Jae Chang3

1Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women's University, Suwon, Korea.

2Department of Food and Nutrition, Ansan University, Ansan, Korea.

3Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

4Department of Statistics and Information, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Un Jae Chang. Department of Food and Nutrition Dongduk Women's University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02748, Korea. Tel: (02) 940-4464, Fax: (02) 940-4609, uj@dongduk.ac.kr

Received 12 October 2015       Revised 20 October 2015       Accepted 26 October 2015

Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study examined the influence of different sizes of spoons (normal spoon, 8.3 cc vs small spoon, 4 cc) on eating rate, energy intake and the satiety levels of female college students.

Methods

Twenty four healthy female college students participated in this study once a week for 2 weeks. Two hundred ten grams of cooked rice and 250 g of beef shank soup with a normal spoon and same amount of rice and soup with a small size spoon were served to the same participants over two consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the eating rate, energy intake, and the satiety levels were measured.

Results

Results showed that the subjects who were using a small spoon ate less beef shank soup (149.0 kcal) (p < 0.01) and had lower total energy intake (423.3 kcal) (p < 0.05) than using a normal spoon (178.7 and 461.1 kcal, respectively). Also, the meal time (15.7 min) (p < 0.01), a serving per one spoon (8.6 g) (p < 0.001), and eating rate (27.9 g/min) (p < 0.001) of those who used a small spoon were significantly different than that of those who used a normal spoon (13.6 min, 12.5 g and 35.7 g/min, respectively). However, despite consuming less energy at lunch, the level of satiety after eating from the small spoon was not significantly different from the normal spoon immediately after, 1 hour after and 2 hour after lunch.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that students were able to control their eating rate by using a small spoon and they could feel full enough even though they eat less. In conclusion, eating rate decrease by using a small spoon may play an important role in food intake.

Keywords: spoon size, energy intake, satiety level, eating rate

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Picture of normal and small spoon.

kjcn-20-375-g001
Fig. 2

Picture of the meals served as lunch.

kjcn-20-375-g002
Fig. 3

Satiety level before and after lunch when a normal or small spoon was used. Values are Mean±standard deviation (SD) for 24 subjects.

kjcn-20-375-g003
Table 1

Characteristics of the subjects

kjcn-20-375-i001

1) Mean±SD

2) BMI: Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]2

3) Eating Attitudes Test [23]

4) Zung Self-Rating Questionnaire [24]

Table 2

Usual eating and chewing behavior for the subjects

kjcn-20-375-i002
Table 3

Energy intake of rice, soup, side dish & total meal from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

kjcn-20-375-i003

1) Mean±SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 : normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Table 4

Meal time, a serving per one spoon & eating rate from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

kjcn-20-375-i004

1) Mean±SD

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001: normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

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