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Kim and Chang: Influence of Visual Differences in Bowl Size and Types on Dietary Intake of Female College Students with Normal Weight
Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2014; 19(3): 250-257.

Published online: 30 June 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.250

Influence of Visual Differences in Bowl Size and Types on Dietary Intake of Female College Students with Normal Weight

Young-Suk Kim, Un-Jae Chang

Department of Food & Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Un-Jae Chang. Department of Food and Nutrition Dongduk Women's University, 23-1 Wolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-714, Korea. Tel: (02) 940-4464, Fax: (02) 940-4609, uj@dongduk.ac.kr

Received 17 March 2014       Revised 13 May 2014       Accepted 19 June 2014

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl.

Methods

Thirty-six normal weight college female students participated in this study once a week for 3 weeks. Three hundred grams of fried rice in a normal rice bowl (1st week), 300 g of fried rice in a diet rice bowl (2nd week), and 300 g of fried rice in small rice bowl (3rd week) were served to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice and the satiety rate were measured.

Results

The consumption volume of fried rice was 248 g (414.5 kcal) with a normal rice bowl, 254 g (429.8 kcal) with a diet bowl, and 270 g (456.8 kcal) with a small rice bowl. Results showed that the subjects who were eating from the small rice bowl ate more fried rice (p < 0.05) than eating from the normal rice bowl and diet rice bowl. However, the satiety rate of fried rice in a diet rice bowl was significantly higher than that of normal rice bowl and small rice bowl (p < 0.05). The five point scale of perceived volume on fried rice served normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl were 2.4, 4.0 and 2.1.

Conclusions

The visual cue plays a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than actual volume of consumed food in determining the level of fullness.

Keywords: normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl, small rice bowl, fried rice, satiety rate

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Pictures of general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl.
(A): side surface of rice bowls, (B): front surface of rice bowls, (C): back surface of rice bowls, (D): front surface of rice bowls containing 300 g Kimchi fried rice.
kjcn-19-250-g001
Fig. 2
Visually perceived quantity of food served in general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl. Values are Mean ± SD for 36 subjects. Values were analyzed with an ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among bowls.
kjcn-19-250-g002
Table 1
Nutrient composition of raw material in Kimchi fried rice
kjcn-19-250-i001
Table 2
Subject characteristic in this study
kjcn-19-250-i002

1) Mean ± SD

2) Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]2

Table 3
Usual eating behavior of subjects
kjcn-19-250-i003
Table 4
Energy intake of Kimchi fried rice provided by general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl
kjcn-19-250-i004

Values are Mean ± SD for 36 subjects. Values were analyzed with an ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among bowls

1) General rice bowl vs. Diet rice bowl, p = 0.212

2) Diet rice bowl vs. Small rice bowl, p = 0.041

3) General rice bow vs. Small rice bowl, p = 0.048

Table 5
Satiety rate of Kimchi fried rice provided by general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl
kjcn-19-250-i005

Values are Mean ± Standard deviation for 36 subjects. Values were analyzed with a repeated measure ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among bowls.

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