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Kim, Lee, Kim, Kim, Pyun, Chung, Kwon, Yeo, Lee, and Nam: Survey on Dietary Behaviors and Intakes of Instant Noodle (Ramyeon) Soup among College Students
Original Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2013; 18(4): 365-371.

Published online: 31 August 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.365

Survey on Dietary Behaviors and Intakes of Instant Noodle (Ramyeon) Soup among College Students

Hyung-Sook Kim, Eun-Young Lee1, Kyungmin Kim2, Kyung Won Kim3, Jinwon Pyun4, Sang-Jin Chung5, Young Hye Kwon6, Ikhyun Yeo1, Sangyun Lee1, Kisun Nam1

Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Gyeonggi, Korea.

1Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food & Culture, Pulmuone Holdings Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Food and Nutrition, Baewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

4Department of Food and Nutrition, Suwon Women's College, Gyeonggi, Korea.

5Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea.

6Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kisun Nam, Division of Diet Research, Institute of Food & Culture, Pulmuone Holdings Co., Ltd., Seodaemun P.O. Box 146, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-600, Korea. Tel: (02) 3277-8516, Fax: (02) 6499-0129, ksnama@pulmuone.com

Received 8 April 2013       Revised 17 June 2013       Accepted 22 July 2013

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

High intakes of sodium may increase the risk of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. According to the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey, the average intake of sodium was 4,878 mg/day with salt, kimchi, soy sauce, fermented soybean paste and Ramyeon being the five main sources of sodium. In order to identify solutions to reduce the intake of sodium, we investigated the intake patterns and eating behaviors of Ramyeon among 347 college students (male 146, female 201) using survey questionnaires. The average age of study subjects was 23.7 years for males and 20.5 years for females. The average Body Mass Index (kg/m2) was 21.9 for males and 20.1 for females. The average frequency of Ramyeon intake was 2.0 times/week. The main reason for eating Ramyeon was convenience (56%), followed by good taste (27%), low price (11%) and other reasons (9%). The criteria for choosing Ramyeon were taste (72%), convenience (14%), price (7%), nutrition (1%), and the other factors (2%). Males' average intake of Ramyeon soup (61%) was higher than that of the females (36%). The estimated intake of Ramyeon soup by survey showed a positive correlation with the measured intake of Ramyeon soup. Sodium contents of Ramyeon were measured separately for the noodles and the soup, which were 1,185 mg/serving and 1,148 mg/serving each. Therefore, the amount of sodium intake can be reduced if students eat less Ramyeon soup. Also, we observed that dietary behaviors and soup intakes of Ramyeon between the sexes were different. Appropriate nutritional education for proper eating habits may help decrease the intake of sodium.

Keywords: Ramyeon, sodium, Ramyeon soup, dietary behaviors, college students

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Measured intake of Ramyeon soup.
kjcn-18-365-g001
Fig. 2
Sodium content of Ramyeon.
kjcn-18-365-g002
Table 1
General characteristics of study subjects
kjcn-18-365-i001

1) Mean ± SD

2) BMI classification is defined by Korean Society for Study of Obesity: underweight: BMI < 18.5, normal weight: 18.5 - 22.9, overweight: 23 - 24.9, Obese class 1: 25 - 29.9

3) N (%)

BMI: Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]2

***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

Table 2
Reasons for eating, criteria for choosing, and frequency of Ramyeon intake
kjcn-18-365-i002

1) Multiple reply (total response: 355)

2) N (%)

3) Mean ± SD

4) Significance as determined by t-test, NS: Not Significant

***: p < 0.01 by χ2-test

Table 3
Intake frequency of Ramyeon and estimated intake of Ramyeon soup by type of residence
kjcn-18-365-i003

1) Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05 by ANOVA

Table 4
Intake time of Ramyeon
kjcn-18-365-i004

1) Multiple reply

2) N (%)

*: p < 0.05 by χ2-test

Table 5
Correlations of Body Mass Index, estimated intake of Ramyeon soup by questionnaire, measured intake of Ramyeon soup
kjcn-18-365-i005

***: p < 0.001

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