Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul

Chung Shil Kwak; Ji Hyun Cho; Miyong Yon; Sang Chul Park

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.603

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Kwak, Cho, Yon, and Park: Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul

Original Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2012; 17(5): 603-622.

Published online: 31 October 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.603

Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul

Chung Shil Kwak, Ji Hyun Cho, Miyong Yon¹, Sang Chul Park²

Institute on Aging Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

¹Nutrition Policy Team, Department of Health Industry & Policy, Korea Heallth Industry Development Institute, Osong, Korea.

²Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chung Shil Kwak, Institute on Aging Seoul National University, 199-1 Dongsoong-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Annex Building, Seoul 110-510, Korea. Tel: (02) 740-8506, Fax: (02) 742-0628, kwakcs@snu.ac.kr

Received 27 July 2012 Revised 18 September 2012 Accepted 18 September 2012

Abstract

The population aged 95 years and older in Seoul approximately increased to five-fold over the past 10 years, while nationwide rates increased to three-fold. In order to examine the dietary habit and nutritional status of oldest-old population living in Seoul, we recruited 87 subjects (25 males and 62 females) aged 95 years and older. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) were 18.2% and 18.2% in males, and 20.8% and 9.4% in females, respectively. In self-assessment of health, only 25.3% answered to be unhealthy. More males exercised regularly and reported a wide range of activities than females. The average of %Kcal from carbohydrate, protein and fat (C : P : F) was 64.9 : 13.8 : 21.2 in males and 68.1 : 14.2 : 17.7 in females. The average daily energy intake was 1,307 kcal in males and 1,304 kcal in females. More than 75% of subjects were taking under estimated average requirements (EAR) for vitamin B₁, B₂ & C and Ca. The average of mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.66 in males and 0.70 in females, and 28.8% of males and 12.9% of females were in MAR < 0.50. Based on MAR, 32.0% of males and 14.5% females were classified as normal and 16.0% of males and 25.8% of females were classified as malnourished. Our subjects were taking more animal food, especially milk and its products, compared to those living, in rural areas. However, a significant proportion did not meet the EAR for vitamin B₁, B₂ & C and Ca.

Keywords: urban, oldest-old population, anthropometric index, nutrient intake, dietary habit

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) range (min-max), 3) N (%)

Table 2

Physical measurement

1) Mean ± SD, 2) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 3

Health status and life style

1) N (%), 2) Mean ± SD, 3) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 4

Dietary behavior

1) N (%), 2) Mean ± SD, 3) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 5

Average daily food intake (g/day)

1) Mean ± SD (%)

Table 6

The average daily nutrient intake of subjects

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) Study on nutritional status of elderly aged 85 and more living in Soonchang-gun (Lee 2009)

3) male (n) / female (n), 4) Mean ± SD, 5) Mean for males/females

^*: significantly different between gender at p < 0.05

Table 7

Percent EER and RI of nutrient intake of subjects

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) Study on nutritional status of elderly aged 85 and more living in Soonchang-gun (Lee 2009)

3) male (n) / female (n), 4) mean for males/females, 5) Mean ± SD

^**: Significantly different between gender at p < 0.01

Table 8

Prevalence of nutrient intake under EAR

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) male (n) / female (n), 3) under 75% EER, 4) N (%), 5) mean for males/females, 6) Mean ± SD

Table 9

Index of Nutrient Quality (INQ) and Man Adequacy Ratio (MAR)

1) Mean ± SD, 2) N (%), ns: not significant

Significantly different between gender at ^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 or ^***: p < 0.001

Table 10

Food intake diversity and meal balance

1) Mean ± SD, ns: not significant

Table 11

Mini-Nutrition Assessment (MNA) of subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) N (%), ns: not significant

significantly different between gender at p < 0.05^* or p < 0.001^***

Table 12

Nutrient intake and dietary factors according to nutritional status assessed by MNA

1) Mean ± SD, 2) means without common alphabet are significantly different each other within a same gender.

3) nEAR: number of nutrient under EAR, 4) nINQ < 1: number of nutrient with INQ < 1

Notes

This work was supported by Seoul city government grant (2009) and the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (2009-0093587)

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