Bacterial Upper Respiratory Infections

Shin-Woo Kim

doi:10.3947/ic.2011.43.5.383

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Kim: Bacterial Upper Respiratory Infections

Review Article

Infection & Chemotherapy

Infection & Chemotherapy 2011; 43(5): 383-389.

Published online: 31 October 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2011.43.5.383

Bacterial Upper Respiratory Infections

Shin-Woo Kim

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

Correspondence to Shin-Woo Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 50, Samduk 2-Ga, Chung-Gu, Daegu 700-721, Korea. Tel: +82-53 420-6525, Fax: +82-53-424-5542, ksw2kms@knu.ac.kr

Received 10 October 2011 Accepted 10 October 2011

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Acute bacterial upper respiratory infections include acute rhinosinusitis, acute pharyngotonsillitis, acute laryngitis, and acute epiglottitis. These are common reasons for primary care visits. Acute bacterial sinusitis usually occurs as a secondary complication of acute viral sinusitis. Acute viral sinusitis will recover over the course of 7-10 days without antibiotics. Amoxicillin is a drug of choice for acute bacterial sinusitis in the practice guidelines. Patients with acute pharyngotonsillitis should be treated with antibiotics (amoxicillin) for 10 days with the purpose of prevention of rheumatic fever. Use of rapid antigen detection should be encouraged for the appropriate use of antibiotics, especially in Korea. Etiologies of acute laryngitis in adults are mainly viruses. However, M. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae are major bacterial pathogens of laryngtitis. Acute epiglottitis, cellulitis of the epiglottis, is a life-threatening infection. Airway keeping and antibacterial therapy against H. influenzae and other bacterial pathogens are main stays of management. Evidence-based approach is greatly in need for appropriate care for patients with bacterial upper respiratory infections.

Keywords: Upper respiratory infections, Bacterial Infections, Evidence-based practice

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Pathogens of Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Adult and Child [4]

Table 2

Pathogens of Acute Pharyngotonsilitis

Table 3

Clinical and Epidemiological findings and Diagnosis of Pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes [5]

Table 4

Modified Centor Score and Culture Management Approach for Pharyngitis [23]

Table 5

Correlation between Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) and Centor Score

^agroups combined in study [26, 27]

Table 6

Frequency of Laryngitis Associated with Common Respiratory Pathogens

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ORCID iDs: Shin-Woo Kim
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-8249
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