Abstract
Objective
Methods
Results
Conclusions
References
Table 1
Table 2
No. |
Study design |
Intervention methods | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preventive program | Professional oral care program | Oral health education program | ||||||||||||||||||
Flu | OHE | Ri | Xy | IC | Kit | OHE | Me | SC | VD | App | Book | IC | Kit | OHE | Me | VD | ||||
121) | NCGPPD | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||
222) | NCGPPD | O | ||||||||||||||||||
324) | RCT | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
425) | NCGPPD | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||
526) | RCT | O | O | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||
627) | OPPD | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||||
728) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
829) | RCT | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
930) | RCT | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
1023) | NCGPPD | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||||
1131) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
1232) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
1333) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
147) | OPPD | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||
1534) | RCT | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||||
1635) | RCT | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
1736) | RCT | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||||
1837) | RCT | O | O | O | O | |||||||||||||||
1938) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
2039) | RCT | O | ||||||||||||||||||
2140) | RCT | O | O | |||||||||||||||||
2241) | RCT | O | O | O |
NCGPPD: non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design, NCGPD: non-equivalent control group posttest design, OPPD: pne group pre-posttest design, RCT: randomized controlled trial.
App: social network service and application, Book: educational book & oral health pamphlets, Flu: fluoride coating, IC: individual ono-on-on counseling, Kit: dental product kit (flossing, toothpaste, toothbrush, et al), OHE: face-to-face oral health education, Me: periodic phone message (oral hygiene education), Ri: oral rinse use, SC: nonsurgical periodontal therapy (using ultrasonic instruments and hand scalers and curettes), VD: educational video watching, Xy: xylitol consumption.
Table 3
Authors (year) | Sample size | Study area | Intervention | Assessment | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exp | Con | |||||
Vasiliauskien I, et al (2007)21) |
Pregnant Postpartum 180 (Int 89, Con 91) |
Lithuania |
Preventive program (dental office) - Fluoride varnish app - 0.12% chlorhexine rinse |
No intervention |
Ohyg / OH / OHB - TF survey - DMF-T, DMF-S - OHI-S - GI |
- Caries prevalence 56.25% - OHI-S*** (▲) |
Park JH, et al (2010)22) |
Pregnant Postpartum 89 (Int 36, Con 53) |
Korea |
Preventive program (dentist) - Xy consumption (1 day 3-6 times) |
No intervention |
Ohyg / OH / OHB - DMFT, CPITN - Saliva check (S. Mutans bacteria) - OHB survey (OH perceived, TF, dental visit frequency, Use of auxiliaries) |
OH perceived*, TF* (▲) - S.mutans* (▼) |
Cibulka NJ, et al (2011)24) | Pregnant 146 (Int 73, Con 73) | America |
Oral health education program (nurse) - OHE - Kit |
No intervention |
Know / OHB - OH status perception survey - TF, FF - Dental visit frequency |
- OH perception** (▲) - TF* (▲) - FF** (▲) - Dental visit frequency** (▲) |
Clifford H, et al (2012)25) |
Pregnant Postpartum 376 (Int1 80, Int2 92, Int3 89, Con 106) |
Australia |
Oral health education program (midwife clinic) - Video group (VD nine-minute) - Dental product kit group - Combi (VD+Kit) group |
Usual care group |
Know / OHB - OHB (TF, dental visit frequency) - Baby dental care know - OH know survey |
Intervention group - Baby dental visit know* (▲) - Know about bacteria* (▲) - Know of appropriate drink*** (▲) - Baby teeth healthy know* (▲) |
Geisinger ML, et al (2014)26) |
Pregnant Postpartum 119 |
America |
Professional oral care program (periodontist) - Nonsurgical periodontal therapy - IC, VD, Kit, Me offer |
- |
OH - PI, Gi, PD, CAL |
- PI, GI, PD, CAL*** (▲) |
Kaur M, et al (2014)27) | Pregnant 89 | America |
Professional oral care program (periodontal resident) - Nonsurgical periodontal therapy - Edu VD, DVD, Kit, IC offer |
- |
OH / Out - PI, GI, PD, CAL, BOP - PESA, PISA - GCF, blood sample (cytokine levels) - Birth weight, Full-term birth |
- PI, Gi, PD, CAL, PESA, PISA*** (▲) - GCF TNF-a, IL-1ß** (▲) |
Bahri N, et al (2015)28) | Pregnant 160 (Int 80, Con 80) | Iran |
Oral health education program - OHE session (3 wk 6 time) |
No intervention |
OHB / Psycho - OH belief survey - OHB survey |
- OH belief, OHB* (▲) |
Jiang H, et al (2016)29) |
Pregnant Postpartum 468 (Int 232, Con 234) |
China |
Preventive program (dentist) - Ri (non-alchohol) 1 day 2 times - OHE |
OHE + toothbrush + toothpaste |
OH / Out - PSR - Pregnancy outcome |
- Periodontal score* (▲) - Risk of premature rupture of the membranes compared* (▲) |
Khamis AI, et al (2017)30) | Pregnant 154 (Int1 53, Int2 48, Con 53) | Kuwait |
Oral health education program (dental hygienist) OHE group - Book (OHE for pregnant women) - Demonstrating the toothbrush and floss OHE & planning group - Book (OHE for pregnant women) - Brush & floss planning record - Demonstrating the toothbrush and floss |
Treatment as usual - OH leaflet (toothbrush, floss) - Demonstrating the tooth brush and floss |
OH / Know / OHB / Att / Psycho - PI, GI - 2rd survey ∙OHB (TF, floss frequency) ∙Knowledge ∙Attitude ∙Subjective norms ∙OHB barriers |
- Knowledge* (▲) - PI, GI*** (▲) - Attitude*** (▲) - Subjective norms*** (▲) - Toothbrushing barriers*** (▲) - Flossing barriers*** (▲) - Snacks barriers*** (▲) |
Park HJ, Lee HJ (2018)23) | Pregnant 65 (Int1 23, Int2 21, Con 21) | Korea |
Oral health education program (OHG) Walking exercise group (WEG) - Book - IC & Me |
No intervention |
OH / OHB / Psycho - OHB survey - Physical activity question - OE (periodontal health) - Psychology index (depression, stress, quality of life) |
Int 1, 2 - OHB*** (▲) - GI, PD*** (▲) - Psychology index*** (▲) |
George A, et al (2018)31) |
Pregnant Postpartum 638 (Int1 215, Int2 212, Con 211) |
Australia |
Professional oral care program Int1 - IC (midwifery int & assessment) Int2 - IC (midwifery & dental int) |
OH information supply |
OH / Know / Psycho / Out - Dental services uptake - OH knowledge - OH quality - OH status (SBI, CAL, PI, DT, FT) - Birth outcomes |
Int 2 - OH knowledge* (▲) - OH quality*** (▲) - SBI, CAL, DT, FT*** (▲) |
Ghaffari M, et al (2018)32) |
Pregnant 135 (Int 70, Con 70) |
Iran |
Oral health education program (dentist) - OHE (3 sessions, 90 min) |
No intervention |
Know / Psycho / OHB HBM-based survey - Knowledge - Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barrier, self-efficacy - OHB |
Immediately after the edu - Knowledge***, perceived susceptibility***, severity***, benefits***, barrier***, self-efficacy***, OHB*** (▲) 2 months - Knowledge***, perceived severity***, benefits*, barrier***, self-efficacy***, OHB*** (▲) |
Musskopf ML, et al (2018)33) |
Pregnant Postpartum 210 (Int 96, Con 114) |
Brazil |
Professional oral care program (periodontist) - Non-surgical periodontal therapy |
Protocol periodontal treatment group - Supragingival calculus removal, OHE |
OH / Psycho - OHIP-14 survey (OHRQoL; Oral Health Related Quality of Life) - PI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL, supragingival calculus, C |
Int, Con - OHIP-14 (OH negative impacts)** (▲) |
Son JH, et al (2019)7) | Pregnant 45→9 (int) | Korea |
Professional oral care program (dental hygienist), (3 times, once a week) - Non-surgical periodontal therapy - OHE, IC offer |
- |
Ohyg / OH / OHB - Periodontal health (PD, GI, calculus) - PHP index - OHB (toothbrusing methods, use of auxiliaries, TF, sugar drink frequency, snack frequency, nutritional labeling check) |
- PD**, calculus** (▲) - PHP index** (▲) - Sugar drink fequency* (▲) - Use of oral care auxilaries* (▲) - Nutrition labeling check** (▲) |
Liu P, et al (2020)34) |
Pregnant Postpartum 369 (Int 188, Con 181) |
China |
Oral health education program (dental auxiliary staff) - OHE pamphlet - OHE (toothbrush, floss demonstration) - IC |
OHE pamphlet group |
OH - BOP, PD, CAL, plaque index (PI) |
Postpartum 1y - PD***, CAL*** (▲) |
Saffari M, et al (2020)35) | Pregnant 112 (Int 56, Con 56) | Iran |
Oral health education program (dentist) - OHE & IC (1 hours, two times) |
Clinic education group - 1 hours, two times |
OH / Psycho / OHB - GI, DMFT - OHB Questionnaire (OHBQ) - OH self-efficacy survey |
3 months after - OHBQ***, OH self-efficacy** (▲) - GI***, DT* (▲) |
Yu KF, et al (2022)36) |
Pregnant Postpartum 436 (Int 228, Con 208) |
Hongkong |
Oral health education program (dental professionals) - Family-centered IC & OHE (toothbrushing, flossing demonstration) - Book (OHE booklet) - Me |
OHE pamphlet group |
OH / Ohyg / OHB - Oral hygiene practices survey - Dietary & feeling habits survey - OH outcome (1-3 y children) - OH status |
Postpartum follow-up 3y - TF & use of fluoride toothpaste*** - OH state (CL, S.mutnas, WSL, VP)* (▲) - Dietary & feeding habits* (▲) |
Wenqi Hu, et al (2022)37) | Pregnant 222 (Int 111, Con 111) | China |
Oral health education program (dentist) - OHE class - Book (oral hygiene manual), VD offer - WeChat (oline messenger app) |
No intervention |
OH / Know / Att / OHB O.E+survey (OH assessment) - C, DMFT, CPI, periodontal disease - OH knowledge survey - OH attitude - OHB |
Primary outcome - Active C, FT, CPI score*** Second outcome - OH Knowledge*** (▲) - OHB (tongue cleaning, regularOE* (▲) - Attitude (baby teeth concern)* (▲) |
Aboalshamat K, et al (2023)38) | Pregnant 68 (Int 34, Con 34) | Saudi Arabia |
Oral health education program (dental research team) - Snapchat (social media app) (2 wk) |
WhatsApp group - Written pamphlet |
Know - OH & dental therapy knowledge |
Int OH knowledge*** (▲) |
Bashirian S, et al (2023)39) | Pregnant 105 (Int 54, Con 51) | Iran |
Oral health education program (health promotion experts) - WhatsApp (edu program) (9 session) |
OH self-care edu |
Att / OHB / Psycho - Perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, positive & negative affect, iterpersonal & situational influencing variables, commitment to the action plan, demands of behavior - OHB (TF & toothbrush duration) |
- Benefits***, barriers*** (▲) - Positive & negative affect* (▲) - Situational influences** (▲) - Action plan** (▲) - Duration of toothbrush** (▲) |
Geurs NC et al (2023)40) | Pregnant 648 (Int 322, Con 326) | America |
Oral health education program (nurse) - Kit (+Power toothbrush), VD offer |
Usual supply group - Kit (soft toothbrush) - Toothbrusing & floss written instruction |
OH - GI, BOP, PD - Oral & perioral adverse event occurrence |
- GI* (▲) |
Parry S, et al (2023)41) |
Pregnant Postpartum 746 (Int 373, Con 373) |
America |
Oral health education program (dentist) - DK (+Power toothbrush), VD offer - IC |
Usual supply group - kit (soft toothbrush) - Toothbrush & floss written instruction |
OH / Outcome - OH (GI, BOP, PD) - Gestational age. birth weight - Incidence of preterm birth - Cumulative risk of preterm birth |
- Int/Con no significant |
Significance (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001), (▲): It means that the evaluated results have improved.
TF: toothbrushing frequency, FF: flossing frequency, C: caries, CAL: clinical attachment levels, CL: cavitated lesion, CPI: community periodontal index, CPITN: community periodontal index of treatment needs index, DT: decayed teeth, FT: filled teeth, GCF: gingival crevicular fluid, GI: gingival index, MI: motivational interviewing, MS: Streptococcus mutans, OE: oral examination, OH: oral health, OHB: oral health Behavior, OHI-S: simplified oral hygiene index, P: periodontal diseases, PD: probing depth, PESA: periodontal epithelial surface area, PHP index: patient hygiene performance index, PI: plaque index, PISA: periodontal inflamed surface area, PSR: periodontal screening and recording, SBI: sulcus bleeding index, SRP: scaling and root planning, VP: visible plaque, VPI: visible plaque index, WSL: white spot lesion.