Abstract
Notes
Author Contribution
Conceptualization: Ji Ho Choi. Data curation: Ki-Il Lee. Formal analysis: Ki-Il Lee. Funding acquisition: Ji Ho Choi. Investigation: Ki-Il Lee. Methodology: Ki-Il Lee. Project administration: Ji Ho Choi. Supervision: Ji Ho Choi. Validation: Ji Ho Choi. Visualization: Ki-Il Lee. Writing—original draft: Ki-Il Lee, Ji Ho Choi. Writing—review & editing: Ki-Il Lee, Ji Ho Choi.
REFERENCES
Table 1.
Literature | Subjects | Methodology | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|
Ellegård, [11] 2006 | N/A | Review article | Nozovent® and Breathe Right® could reduce snoring and improve obstructed breathing selectively |
Dinardi, et al., [12] 2013 | 48 healthy adolescent athletes | PNIF and subjective dyspnea intensity after a 1000 m race with ENDS | The ENDS improved maximal oxygen uptake, nasal patency and respiratory effort after exercise |
Wong and Johnson, [10] 2004 | 47 healthy volunteers | Airflow resistance measured with the APD | The ENDS reduced nasal resistance when measured with the APD (equal effect during exhalation and inhalation) |
Scharf, et al., [15] 1994 | 20 mild snorer | Subjective sleep questionnaires, SSS | Ease of breathing during sleep, snoring loudness, sleep quality improved compared to baseline, and SSS revealed a reduction in daytime sleepiness |
Liistro, et al., [16] 1998 | 10 snoring patients without OSA | Sleep quality and snoring during 2 full-night PSG (the first without and the second with Breathe Right®) | Breathe Right® was ineffective in reducing snoring in snorers without OSA |
Yagihara, et al., [17] 2017 | 26 OSA patients | PSG, ESS, sleep questionnaire, and BDI were checked | The ENDS was an attractive placebo intervention for RCT evaluating the effects of CPAP in sleepy patients with OSA |
Maxwell, et al., [18] 2022 | 54 pregnant women (60% in the third trimester) | 2 consecutive level III home sleep apnea test using the ENDS | The ENDS did not have a significant impact on measures of SDB |
Objective and subjective assessments were obtained |
N/A, not applicable; PNIF, peak nasal inspiratory flow; ENDS, external nasal dilator strips; APD, airflow perturbation device; SSS, Stanford sleepiness scale; PSG, polysomnography; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; BDI, Beck depression inventory; RCT, randomized controlled trials; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; SDB, sleep-disordered breathing
Table 2.
Literature | Subjects | Methodology | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|
Raudenbush, [9] 2011 | 30 SDB patients with nasal obstruction | Comparative study (Internal Max-Air Nose Cones vs. Breathe Right® strip) | Internal nasal stent showed significantly greater efficacy at stenting the anterior nasal airway, providing twice the improvement in PNIF than did the ENDS |
Repeated measurements of PNIF | |||
Petruson, [7] 2007 | N/A | Review article | Nozovent® could reduce the snoring heard, improve the RDI, give less daytime tiredness and reduce the medium CPAP pressure |
Gelardi, et al., [19] 2018 | 41 outpatient snoring patients | Self-assessment of snoring duration by smartphone and sleep quality by VAS | The internal nasal dilator could reduce snoring time and improve sleep quality |
Gelardi, et al., [20] 2019 | 41 outpatient snorers | Comparative study (Internal Nas-Air® vs. Breathe Right® strip) | Nas-air® was effective in a larger number of patients and induced a better sleep quality than nasal strip |
Schonhofer, et al., [21] 2003 | 38 OSA patients | Randomized cross-over design to investigate the effect of a nasal valve dilator | Nozovent® reduced the CPAP level 1 cm H2O in 50% of patients requiring a high pressure (>9 cm H2O) |
Peltonen, et al., [22] 2004 | 27 healthy subjects | Comparative study (Nozovent® dilator vs. Breathe Right® strip) | Nozovent® was more effective in reducing nasal resistance than Breathe Right® |
Camacho, et al., [23] 2016 | N/A | Review article | The nasal dilators did not improve OSA except mild AI improvement |
Table 3.
Literature | Subjects | Methodology | Conclusions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chin strap | ||||
Knowles, et al., [24] 2014 | 124 patients who were prescribed CPAP therapy | Retrospective comparison (chinstrap use vs. non-use) | Chinstrap users had significantly greater CPAP adherence, longer nightly duration of CPAP use, lower residual AHI and lower leak compared to non-users | |
Adherence, nightly duration of use, air leak and residual AHI | ||||
Weaver, et al., [25] 2010 | N/A | Review article | Chinstrap using could improve CPAP adherence and subjective symptoms | |
Vorona, et al., [26] 2007 | Case report | Case report | A chinstrap alone improved severe obstructive sleep apnea as well as or better than the use of CPAP | |
Mouth tape | ||||
Huang and Young, [35] 2015 | 30 patients with ≥5 and <15 hourly on AHI | Sleep with mouths closed by the POP | The POP was a useful device to treat patients with mild OSA | |
ESS, VAS, PSG and cephalometry were evaluated |