Abstract
Purpose
Materials and Methods
Results
Electronic Supplementary Material
Notes
Ethical Statement
Ethics approvals for the study protocol and analysis of the data were obtained from the institutional review board of Kyung Hee University Hospital (No. 2018-12-020). The informed consent requirement was exempted by the institutional review board because researchers only accessed retrospectively a de-identified database for analysis purposes.
Acknowledgments
References
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Fig. 2
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Table 1
Characteristic | Overall | Frequency of high intensity physical activity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (n=129,264) | Group 2 (n=66,580) | Group 3 (n=14,122) | Group 4 (n=10,391) | p for trenda) | ||
Person-year (total) | 965,829.1 | 566,486.9 | 291,642.6 | 61,965.9 | 45,733.7 | |
Person-year (average) | 4.38±0.45 | 4.38±0.49 | 4.38±0.38 | 4.39±0.37 | 4.40±0.46 | < 0.001 |
Age (yr) | 58.1±8.8 | 59.4±9.3 | 55.7±7.5 | 56.7±7.7 | 60.1±8.5 | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 123,935 (56.2) | 61,919 (47.9) | 46,173 (69.4) | 9,224 (65.3) | 6,619 (63.7) | < 0.001 |
Female | 96,422 (43.8) | 67,345 (52.1) | 20,407 (30.6) | 4,898 (34.7) | 3,772 (36.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0±2.9 | 23.9±3.0 | 24.1±2.8 | 24.1±2.7 | 24.1±2.8 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 82.0±8.2 | 81.7±8.4 | 82.5±7.9 | 82.1±7.9 | 82.6±7.9 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 125.3±15.2 | 125.4±15.5 | 124.9±14.6 | 125.3±14.6 | 126.2±15.1 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 77.7±9.9 | 77.5±10.1 | 78.0±9.8 | 77.8±9.8 | 77.9±9.9 | 0.004 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.0±37.5 | 200.3±38.0 | 199.7±36.8 | 199.2±36.5 | 198.5±37.5 | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 118 (83–170) | 118 (83–170) | 120 (84–174) | 111 (78–162) | 113 (79–163) | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.4±32.5 | 56.0±36.2 | 54.1±25.6 | 55.8±29.0 | 55.7±28.0 | 0.495 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.3±39.0 | 118.6±39.6 | 117.7±37.6 | 117.9±39.3 | 117.3±40.7 | 0.002 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 100.8±25.4 | 100.5±25.6 | 101.0±25.3 | 101.2±24.2 | 102.0±24.8 | < 0.001 |
SCr (mg/dL) | 1.15±1.49 | 1.06±1.25 | 1.31±1.83 | 1.26±1.72 | 1.11±1.27 | 0.091 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.6±20.2 | 80.8±19.4 | 80.4±21.7 | 80.2±21.2 | 79.8±18.8 | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 26.6±16.5 | 26.5±17.1 | 26.7±15.4 | 26.8±14.4 | 27.3±18.2 | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 25.4±19.4 | 24.9±19.2 | 26.3±19.8 | 25.5±18.9 | 25.1±18.9 | 0.659 |
GGT (U/L) | 39.1±53.9 | 37.5±54.6 | 42.0±52.2 | 39.2±52.4 | 39.6±57.8 | 0.036 |
Smoking amount (pack-year) | 7.8±13.9 | 7.1±14.1 | 8.9±13.4 | 8.2±13.2 | 8.1±14.6 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol drinker (%) | 14.3 | 12.4 | 16.4 | 18.2 | 19.4 | < 0.001 |
Incidence of pancreatic cancer (%) | 377 (0.17) | 244 (0.19) | 107 (0.16) | 16 (0.11) | 10 (0.10) | < 0.001 |
Duration of PA (mo) | 30.8±10.9 | 30.7±12.2 | 31.4±11.4 | 29.5±9.8 | 27.6±10.3 | < 0.001 |
MET (min/wk) | 874±346 | 817±330 | 932±294 | 1,231±382 | 1,527±419 | < 0.001 |
Sitting time (hr/day) | 7.1±3.4 | 7.2±3.6 | 6.9±3.1 | 7.0±2.9 | 7.1±3.5 | 0.065 |
Moderate intensity PA | ||||||
Number (wk) | 2.8±1.3 | 2.6±1.1 | 2.9±1.4 | 2.4±1.5 | 2.2±1.7 | < 0.001 |
Minutes | 25.9±8.1 | 27.9±7.5 | 28.6±9.4 | 27.5±10.3 | 25.4±11.2 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). Group 1, performing 0 day per week; group 2, performing 1-3 days per week; group 3, performing 4-5 days per week; group 4, performing 6-7 days per week. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PA, physical activity; SCr, serum creatinine; WC, waist circumference.
Table 2
Characteristic | Participants without pancreatic cancer (n=219,980) | Participants with pancreatic cancer (n=377) | p-valuea) |
---|---|---|---|
Person-year (average) | 4.39±0.44 | 2.59±1.24 | < 0.001 |
Age (yr) | 58.1±8.8 | 64.8±10.1 | < 0.001 |
Sex | |||
Male | 123,690 (56.2) | 245 (65.0) | < 0.001 |
Female | 96,290 (43.8) | 132 (35.0) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0±2.9 | 23.9±2.8 | 0.803 |
WC (cm) | 82.0±8.2 | 83.5±7.8 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 125.3±15.2 | 127.7±15.5 | 0.003 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 77.7±9.9 | 77.7±10.1 | 0.934 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.0±37.5 | 195.1±37.5 | 0.011 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 141.6±93.8 | 146.8±92.9 | 0.288 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.4±32.5 | 51.0±12.9 | < 0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.3±39.0 | 115.6±37.6 | 0.180 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 100.8±25.4 | 109.9±35.7 | < 0.001 |
SCr (mg/dL) | 1.15±1.49 | 1.19±1.55 | 0.615 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.6±20.2 | 75.8±19.3 | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 26.6±16.4 | 29.3±32.2 | 0.002 |
ALT (U/L) | 25.4±19.3 | 26.0±17.3 | 0.482 |
GGT (U/L) | 39.0±53.8 | 51.6±85.3 | 0.004 |
Smoking amount (pack-year) | 7.8±13.9 | 11.6±20.8 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol drinker (%) | 14.3 | 19.1 | 0.009 |
MET (min/wk) | 874±378 | 858±345 | < 0.001 |
Sitting time | 7.1±3.6 | 7.1±3.8 | 0.104 |
Moderate intensity PA | |||
Number (wk) | 2.8±1.4 | 2.3±1.2 | < 0.001 |
Minutes | 26.0±8.6 | 25.7±9.1 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PA, physical activity; SCr, serum creatinine; WC, waist circumference.
Table 3
Incidence density: number of incident pancreatic cancer per 10,000 person-year. Adjusted model: multivariate adjustment for age, sex, BMI, systolic BP, fasting blood glucose, LDL-cholesterol, eGFR, GGT, smoking amount (pack-year), and alcohol intake. Group 1, performing 0 day per week; group 2, performing 1-3 days per week; group 3, performing 4-5 days per week; group 4, performing 6-7 days per week. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; LDL, lowdensity lipoprotein.