1. Arnoldi CC, Brodsky AE, Cauchoix J, Crock HV, Dommisse GF, Edgar MA, et al. Lumbar spinal stenosis and nerve root entrapment syndromes. Definition and classification. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976; (115):4–5. PMID:
1253495.
2. Barrey C, Roussouly P, Perrin G, Le Huec JC. Sagittal balance disorders in severe degenerative spine. Can we identify the compensatory mechanisms? Eur Spine J. 2011; 20(Suppl 5):626–633. PMID:
21796393.
3. Been E, Kalichman L. Lumbar lordosis. Spine J. 2014; 14:87–97. PMID:
24095099.
4. Berlemann U, Jeszenszky DJ, Bühler DW, Harms J. Mechanisms of retrolisthesis in the lower lumbar spine. A radiographic study. Acta Orthop Belg. 1999; 65:472–477. PMID:
10675942.
5. Boden SD, Riew KD, Yamaguchi K, Branch TP, Schellinger D, Wiesel SW. Orientation of the lumbar facet joints : association with degenerative disc disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78:403–411. PMID:
8613448.
6. Butler D, Trafimow JH, Andersson GB, McNeill TW, Huckman MS. Discs degenerate before facets. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990; 15:111–113. PMID:
2326704.
7. Eubanks JD, Lee MJ, Cassinelli E, Ahn NU. Does lumbar facet arthrosis precede disc degeneration? A postmortem study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007; 464:184–189. PMID:
17767079.
8. Fernand R, Fox DE. Evaluation of lumbar lordosis. A prospective and retrospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1985; 10:799–803. PMID:
4089653.
9. Fitzgerald JA, Newman PH. Degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976; 58:184–192. PMID:
932080.
10. Fujiwara A, Lim TH, An HS, Tanaka N, Jeon CH, Andersson GB, et al. The effect of disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis on the segmental flexibility of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 25:3036–3044. PMID:
11145815.
11. Fujiwara A, Tamai K, An HS, Kurihashi T, Lim TH, Yoshida H, et al. The relationship between disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and stability of the degenerative lumbar spine. J Spinal Disord. 2000; 13:444–450. PMID:
11052356.
12. Fujiwara A, Tamai K, Yamato M, An HS, Yoshida H, Saotome K, et al. The relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and disc degeneration of the lumbar spine : an MRI study. Eur Spine. 1999; 8:396–401.
13. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, McEnery KW. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995; 20:1351–1358. PMID:
7676332.
14. Grobler LJ, Robertson PA, Novotny JE, Pope MH. Etiology of spondylolisthesis. Assessment of the role played by lumbar facet joint morphology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993; 18:80–91. PMID:
8434330.
15. Haher TR, O'Brien M, Dryer JW, Nucci R, Zipnick R, Leone DJ. The role of the lumbar facet joints in spinal stability. Identification of alternative paths of loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994; 19:2667–2670. discussion 2671. PMID:
7899961.
16. Hambly MF, Wiltse LL, Raghavan N, Schneiderman G, Koenig C. The transition zone above a lumbosacral fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998; 23:1785–1792. PMID:
9728379.
17. Herkowitz HN. Spine update. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995; 20:1084–1090. PMID:
7631240.
18. Iguchi T, Wakami T, Kurihara A, Kasahara K, Yoshiya S, Nishida K. Lumbar multilevel degenerative spondylolisthesis : radiological evaluation and factors related to anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2002; 15:93–99. PMID:
11927816.
19. Kalichman L, Li L, Hunter DJ, Been E. Association between computed tomography-evaluated lumbar lordosis and features of spinal degeneration, evaluated in supine position. Spine J. 2011; 11:308–315. PMID:
21474082.
20. Lim JK, Kim SM. Difference of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignments between Degenerative Spondylolisthesis and Isthmic Spondylolisthesis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2013; 53:96–101. PMID:
23560173.
21. Love TW, Fagan AB, Fraser RD. Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Developmental or acquired? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999; 81:670–674. PMID:
10463743.
22. Matsunaga S, Sakou T, Morizono Y, Masuda A, Demirtas AM. Natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Pathogenesis and natural course of the slippage. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990; 15:1204–1210. PMID:
2267617.
23. Mehta JS, Kochhar S, Harding IJ. A slip above a slip : retrolisthesis of the motion segment above a spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J. 2012; 21:2128–2133. PMID:
22434532.
24. Moore RJ, Crotti TN, Osti OL, Fraser RD, Vernon-Roberts B. Osteoarthrosis of the facet joints resulting from anular rim lesions in sheep lumbar discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999; 24:519–525. PMID:
10101813.
25. Murrie VL, Dixon AK, Hollingworth W, Wilson H, Doyle TA. Lumbar lordosis : study of patients with and without low back pain. Clin Anat. 2003; 16:144–147. PMID:
12589669.
26. Oliver J, Middleditch A. Functional anatomy of the spine. Oxford, Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann;1991. p. ppviii, 328.
27. Rosenberg NJ. Degenerative spondylolisthesis. Predisposing factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975; 57:467–474. PMID:
1141255.
28. Rothman SL, Glenn WV Jr, Kerber CW. Multiplanar CT in the evaluation of degenerative spondylolisthesis. A review of 150 cases. Comput Radiol. 1985; 9:223–232. PMID:
4064628.
29. Roussouly P, Gollogly S, Berthonnaud E, Dimnet J. Classification of the normal variation in the sagittal alignment of the human lumbar spine and pelvis in the standing position. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005; 30:346–353. PMID:
15682018.
30. Roussouly P, Nnadi C. Sagittal plane deformity : an overview of interpretation and management. Eur Spine J. 2010; 19:1824–1836. PMID:
20567858.
31. Sato K, Wakamatsu E, Yoshizumi A, Watanabe N, Irei O. The configuration of the laminas and facet joints in degenerative spondylolisthesis. A clinicoradiologic study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1989; 14:1265–1271. PMID:
2603062.
32. Schwab F, Patel A, Ungar B, Farcy JP, Lafage V. Adult spinal deformity-postoperative standing imbalance : how much can you tolerate? An overview of key parameters in assessing alignment and planning corrective surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010; 35:2224–2231. PMID:
21102297.
33. Sihvonen T, Lindgren KA, Airaksinen O, Manninen H. Movement disturbances of the lumbar spine and abnormal back muscle electromyographic findings in recurrent low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997; 22:289–295. PMID:
9051891.
34. Vialle R, Levassor N, Rillardon L, Templier A, Skalli W, Guigui P. Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005; 87:260–267. PMID:
15687145.
35. Whitcome KK, Shapiro LJ, Lieberman DE. Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins. Nature. 2007; 450:1075–1078. PMID:
18075592.
36. Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Egan KS, Therneau TM. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in adults with chronic low back pain. Phys Ther. 2000; 80:261–275. PMID:
10696153.
37. Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Harmsen S, Suman VJ, Carey JR. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination of asymptomatic adults. Phys Ther. 1996; 76:1066–1081. PMID:
8863760.