1. Adams MA, Bogduk N, Burton K, Dolan P. The Biomechanics of Back Pain. 2002. Edinburgh, London, New York: Churchill Livingstone;p. 100.
2. Anselmetti GC, Manca A, Hirsch J, Montemurro F, Isaia G, Osella G, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic patients : an institutional experience of 1,634 patients with long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011; 22:1714–1720. PMID:
22019853.

3. Aquarius R, Homminga J, Verdonschot N, Tanck E. The fracture risk of adjacent vertebrae is increased by the changed loading direction after a wedge fracture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011; 36:E408–E412. PMID:
21224753.

4. Bae H, Hatten HP Jr, Linovitz R, Tahernia AD, Schaufele MK, McCollom V, et al. A prospective randomized FDA-IDE trial comparing Cortoss with PMMA for vertebroplasty : a comparative effectiveness research study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012; 37:544–550. PMID:
21738093.

5. Baroud G, Heini P, Nemes J, Bohner M, Ferguson S, Steffen T. Biomechanical explanation of adjacent fractures following vertebroplasty. Radiology. 2003; 229:606–607. author reply 607-608. PMID:
14595158.

6. Baroud G, Nemes J, Heini P, Steffen T. Load shift of the intervertebral disc after a vertebroplasty : a finite-element study. Eur Spine J. 2003; 12:421–426. PMID:
12687437.

7. Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Erbe EM, Fenton DC. Biomechanical evaluation of a new bone cement for use in vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 25:1061–1064. PMID:
10788848.

8. Berlemann U, Ferguson SJ, Nolte LP, Heini PF. Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty. A biomechanical investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002; 84:748–752. PMID:
12188498.
9. Boger A, Heini P, Windolf M, Schneider E. Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty : a biomechanical study of low-modulus PMMA cement. Eur Spine J. 2007; 16:2118–2125. PMID:
17713795.

10. Boonen S, Wahl DA, Nauroy L, Brandi ML, Bouxsein ML, Goldhahn J, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22:2915–2934. PMID:
21789685.

11. Hierholzer J, Fuchs H, Westphalen K, Baumann C, Slotosch C, Schulz R. Incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures in patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2008; 31:1178–1183. PMID:
18592307.

12. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, Turner JA, Wilson DJ, Diamond TH, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361:569–579. PMID:
19657122.

13. Liebschner MA, Rosenberg WS, Keaveny TM. Effects of bone cement volume and distribution on vertebral stiffness after vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001; 26:1547–1554. PMID:
11462084.

14. McArthur N, Kasperk C, Baier M, Tanner M, Gritzbach B, Schoierer O, et al. 1150 kyphoplasties over 7 years : indications, techniques, and intraoperative complications. Orthopedics. 2009; 32:90. PMID:
19301801.
15. Pérez-Higueras A, Alvarez L, Rossi RE, Quiñones D, Al-Assir I. Percutaneous vertebroplasty : long-term clinical and radiological outcome. Neuroradiology. 2002; 44:950–954. PMID:
12428134.
16. Polikeit A, Nolte LP, Ferguson SJ. The effect of cement augmentation on the load transfer in an osteoporotic functional spinal unit : finite-element analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003; 28:991–996. PMID:
12768136.

17. Tanigawa N, Kariya S, Komemushi A, Tokuda T, Nakatani M, Yagi R, et al. Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures with or without intravertebral clefts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009; 193:W442–W445. PMID:
19843725.

18. Trout AT, Kallmes DF. Does vertebroplasty cause incident vertebral fractures? A review of available data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27:1397–1403. PMID:
16908547.
19. Trout AT, Kallmes DF, Kaufmann TJ. New fractures after vertebroplasty : adjacent fractures occur significantly sooner. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27:217–223. PMID:
16418388.
20. Voormolen MH, Lohle PN, Lampmann LE, van den Wildenberg W, Juttmann JR, Diekerhof CH, et al. Prospective clinical follow-up after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17:1313–1320. PMID:
16923978.
