Abstract
Purpose
Methods
Results
REFERENCES
Table 1
BMI: body mass index, hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration ratio.
Table 2
Model | Male | Female | ||||||||
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Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for trend | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for trend | |
Crude model | Ref | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.02) | −0.52* (−0.08 to −0.02) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.00) | −0.03* (−0.05 to −0.01) | −0.11* (−0.12 to −0.09) | <0.001 |
Model 1 | Ref | −0.02 (−0.05 to0.01) | −0.07* (−0.09 to −0.04) | −0.12* (−0.15 to −0.01) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.02 (−0.03 to 0.00) | −0.04* (−0.05 to −0.02) | −0.09* (−0.11 to −0.08) | <0.001 |
Model 2 | Ref | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) | −0.03* (−0.06 to −0.01) | −0.04* (−0.07 to −0.02) | <0.001 | Ref | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01) | −0.03* (−0.05 to −0.01) | <0.001 |
Model 3 | Ref | −0.03* (−0.05 to 0.00) | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.03) | −0.07* (−0.09 to −0.04) | <0.001 | Ref | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.01) | −0.02* (−0.03 to 0.00) | −0.05* (−0.06 to −0.03) | <0.001 |
Ref: reference, Quartiles of serum uric acid (mg/dL): Q1, the 1st quartile (5.0 in males and 3.7 in females); Q2, the 2nd quartile (5.1−5.8 in males and 3.8−4.3 in females); Q3, the 3rd quartile (5.9−6.7 in males and 4.4−4.9 in females); Q4, the 4th quartile (6.8 in males and 5.0 in females).
Model 1: adjusted for age, income; model 2: further adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cancer, arthritis, smoking status, alcohol intake, daily intake (kcal/day), protein intake (g/day), physical activity, and resistance exercise (day/week); model 3: further adjusted for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) and estimated glomerular filtration ratio (mL/min/1.73 m2).
Table 3
Variable | Male | Female | ||||||||||
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Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for trend | p for interaction | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for trend | p for interaction | |
Age (yr) | ||||||||||||
<50 | Ref | −0.05* (−0.86 to 0.00) | −0.13* (−0.17 to −0.09) | −0.19* (−0.23 to −0.15) | <0.001 | 0.055 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.06 to −0.01) | −0.04*(−0.06 to −0.01) | −0.10**(−0.13 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.264 |
≥50 | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.02) | −0.06*(−0.09 to −0.02) | −0.07* (−0.10 to −0.03) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.01(−0.04 to 0.01) | −0.05*(−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.08*(−0.11 to −0.06) | <0.001 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||
≥25 | Ref | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) | −0.04*(−0.08 to 0.00) | −0.10* (−0.14 to −0.06) | <0.001 | 0.085 | Ref | 0.02(−0.02 to 0.05) | −0.02(−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.06*(−0.08 to −0.03) | <0.001 | 0.214 |
<25 | Ref | −0.05* (−0.09 to 0.02) | −0.10*(−0.13 to −0.06) | −0.10* (−0.13 to −0.06) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.02*(−0.04 to −0.01) | −0.04*(−0.06 to −0.02) | −0.07*(−0.09 to −0.05) | <0.001 | ||
Hypertension | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.04 (−0.08 to 0.01) | −0.11*(−0.15 to −0.06) | −0.12* (−0.17 to −0.07) | <0.001 | 0.081 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.05 to −0.01) | −0.04*(−0.06 to −0.02) | −0.10*(−0.12 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.294 |
No | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.02) | −0.10*(−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.17* (−0.21 to −0.67) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.02(−0.04 to 0.02) | −0.06*(−0.10 to −0.03) | −0.11* (−0.14 to −0.08) | <0.001 | ||
Diabetes | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.07* (−0.12 to −0.01) | −0.13*(−0.20 to −0.06) | −0.13* (−0.21 to −0.06) | 0.003 | 0.728 | Ref | 0.00(−0.06 to 0.05) | −0.04(−0.10 to 0.01) | −0.08*(−0.13 to −0.03) | 0.001 | 0.744 |
No | Ref | −0.04* (−0.08 to −0.01) | −0.10*(−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.16* (−0.19 to −0.12) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.05 to −0.01) | −0.05*(−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.11*(−0.13 to −0.09) | <0.001 | ||
Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||||||
Yes | No | −0.06 (−0.12 to −0.01) | −0.11*(−0.16 to −0.06) | −0.13* (−0.19 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.549 | Ref | 0.00(−0.04 to 0.03) | −0.02(−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.07*(−0.10 to −0.04) | <0.001 | 0.258 |
No | Ref | −0.04* (−0.07 to −0.01) | −0.10*(−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.16* (−0.19 to −0.12) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.05 to −0.01) | −0.06*(−0.08 to −0.04) | −0.11*(−0.14 to −0.09) | <0.001 | ||
Smoking | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) | −0.09*(−0.13 to −0.05) | −0.13* (−0.18 to −0.09) | 0.033 | 0.558 | Ref | 0.09(0.00 to 0.19) | 0.08(−0.01 to 0.16) | 0.02(−0.07 to 0.10) | 0.758 | 0.006 |
No | Ref | −0.06* (−0.10 to −0.03) | −0.11*(−0.14 to −0.08) | −0.17* (−0.21 to −0.13) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.05 to −0.01) | −0.05*(−0.07 to −0.04) | −0.11*(−0.13 to −0.09) | <0.001 | ||
Alcohol | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.01) | −0.09* (−0.12 to −0.06) | −0.15* (−0.19 to −0.12) | <0.001 | 0.524 | Ref | −0.03(−0.05 to 0.00) | −0.04*(−0.07 to −0.02) | −0.10*(−0.12 to −0.07) | <0.001 | 0.803 |
No | Ref | −0.05* (−0.11 to 0.00) | −0.14* (−0.20 to −0.08) | −0.16* (−0.23 to −0.10) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.03(−0.05 to 0.00) | −0.05*(−0.08 to −0.03) | −0.11*(−0.13 to −0.09) | <0.001 | ||
Adequate physical activity | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.01) | −0.09* (−0.13 to −0.06) | −0.14* (−0.18 to 0.10) | <0.001 | 0.506 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.06 to 0.00) | −0.05*(−0.08 to −0.03) | −0.11*(−0.14 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.890 |
No | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.01) | −0.11* (−0.15 to −0.07) | −0.17* (−0.21 to −0.13) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.02*(−0.04 to 0.00) | −0.04*(−0.06 to −0.02) | −0.10*(−0.12 to −0.07) | <0.001 | ||
Adequate resistance exercise | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02) | −0.05* (−0.10 to −0.01) | −0.13* (−0.18 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.938 | Ref | −0.02(−0.06 to 0.02) | −0.02(−0.06 to 0.02) | −0.07*(−0.12 to −0.03) | 0.003 | 0.952 |
No | Ref | −0.05* (−0.09 to −0.02) | −0.12* (−0.15 to −0.09) | −0.16* (−0.20 to −0.13) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.04 to −0.01) | −0.05*(−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.11*(−0.13 to −0.09) | <0.001 | ||
Adequate protein intake | ||||||||||||
Yes | Ref | −0.04* (−0.07 to −0.01) | −0.09* (−0.12 to −0.05) | −0.15* (−0.18 to −0.11) | <0.001 | 0.271 | Ref | −0.02(−0.04 to 0.00) | −0.04(−0.06 to −0.02) | −0.09*(−0.12 to −0.07) | <0.001 | 0.466 |
No | Ref | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.00) | −1.13* (−0.19 to −0.08) | −0.14* (−0.19 to −0.09) | <0.001 | Ref | −0.02(−0.05 to 0.00) | −0.05(−0.08 to 0.02) | −0.11(−0.14 to −0.08) | <0.001 | ||
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||||||||||
≥60 | Ref | −0.05* (−0.08 to −0.02) | −0.10* (−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.15* (−0.18 to −0.12) | <0.001 | 0.078 | Ref | −0.03*(−0.04 to −0.01) | −0.05*(−0.07 to −0.03) | −0.10*(−0.12 to −0.08) | <0.001 | 0.135 |
<60 | Ref | 0.07 (−0.07 to 0.20) | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.15) | 0.696 | Ref | −0.10(−0.27 to 0.07) | −0.09(−0.23 to 0.05) | −0.18*(−0.29 to −0.08) | 0.003 |
Adjusted for age, income, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cancer, arthritis, smoking status, alcohol intake, daily intake (kcal/day), protein intake (g/day), physical activity and resistance exercise (day/week), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L), and eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2).